Neuro Lecture 6: Sleep/Arousal
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What are some theories as to the function of sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens to circadian rhythms with the removal of cues (light)? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | retinohypothalamic tract
🗑
|
||||
| show | Suprachiasmatic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| What is the photopigment contained in special ganglion cells in the retina? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Is the suprachiasmatic nucleus responsible for sleep induction? Does it regulate the timing of sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pineal gland
🗑
|
||||
| show | elevated
🗑
|
||||
| Is aging associated with decreased or increased melatonin synthesis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreased (both)
🗑
|
||||
| Is sleep passive? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Is sleep uniform? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How many stages of non-REM sleep are there? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | EEG, EMG, and EOG (cortical, muscle, and eye electrical activity)
🗑
|
||||
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of EEG? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Is an EEG a correlate of deep neuronal activity? Or shallow? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cortical pyramidal neurons + thalamocortical inputs to these neurons
🗑
|
||||
| What is 1 word to describe the pattern of thalamocortical neurons during sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | tonically active
🗑
|
||||
| show | stimulation of rostral RAS (reticular activating system)
🗑
|
||||
| show | coma
🗑
|
||||
| What specifically causes sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | cholinergic (ACh)
🗑
|
||||
| show | GABAergic neurons
🗑
|
||||
| During non-REM sleep, is neuronal activity high or low? | show 🗑
|
||||
| During non-REM sleep, are metabolic rate and brain temperature high or low? | show 🗑
|
||||
| During non-REM sleep, does sympathetic outflow increase or decrease? | show 🗑
|
||||
| During non-REM sleep, does parasympathetic outflow increase or decrease? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | intact
🗑
|
||||
| show | some skeletal muscle activity and slow eye-rolling movements
🗑
|
||||
| show | beta (alert) and alpha (restful) *desynchronized
🗑
|
||||
| show | alpha (10Hz)
🗑
|
||||
| Which types of brain waves are present in stage 2 of non-REM sleep? Hz? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which types of brain waves are present in stage 3 of non-REM sleep? Hz? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | slow wave activity
🗑
|
||||
| show | active
🗑
|
||||
| show | Paradoxical sleep- brain temp & metabolic rate rise; body temp drifts toward ambient; muscle tone lost; somatic sensation diminished
🗑
|
||||
| show | ~90 minutes through non-REM and REM stages
🗑
|
||||
| show | transition between wakefulness to sleep- not repeated each cycle
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the REM stage with each cycle? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | pons-midbrain junction
🗑
|
||||
| show | inhibition of the dorsal column nuclei and decreased sensation
🗑
|
||||
| show | inhibited ventral LMN and muscle paralysis
🗑
|
||||
| Which NT regulates dorsal column, sensation, ventral horn LMN, and muscle paralysis during REM sleep at the pons-midbrain junction? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens to the cerebral cortex during REM sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | paraventricular nucleus- corticotropin-releasing factor
🗑
|
||||
| What is the mechanism by which cortisol is released from the adrenal glands? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | stress
🗑
|
||||
| show | lateral hypothalamic area
🗑
|
||||
| Stimulation of which hypothalamic nucleus induces sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | suprachiasmatic nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| show | tuberomamillary nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| Which substance may act in preoptic nuclei and basal forebrain to promote sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | in limbic-related areas (anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus)
🗑
|
||||
| Where is cortical inhibition primarily seen during REM sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Up to what % of the population are affected by chronic/extended sleep difficulty? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Which conditions are more prevalent, too much sleep or not enough sleep? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | 15%
🗑
|
||||
| show | 2%
🗑
|
||||
| Do more people seek treatment for excessive sleepiness or chronic insomnia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | persistent daytime sleepiness (biggest), cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations
🗑
|
||||
| show | sudden loss of muscle tone with preserved consciousness
🗑
|
||||
| What is sleep paralysis? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | vivid, dream-like hallucinations
🗑
|
||||
| show | loss of hypothalamic neurons that contain orexin (hypocretin)
🗑
|
||||
| What are 2 options for treatment of narcolepsy? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | brief arousals from sleep due to upper airway obstruction, daytime sleepiness- cardiovascular complications (arrhythmias, HTN)
🗑
|
||||
| What is insomnia? What is one extreme example | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is periodic limb movement disorder? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are parasomnias? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | decreases
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
mbyess
Popular Neuroscience sets