Neuro Lecture 3: Hypothalamus + Homeostasis
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| In the classic view of HT & energy balance, the LH was thought to be the (what?) center | show 🗑
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| show | elicit feeding
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| In the classic view of HT & energy balance, lesions of the LH were thought to do what? | show 🗑
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| show | satiety center
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| show | reduce feeding
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| show | increase feeding
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| In certain case studies (Reeves & Plum 1969), what were the effects described to accompany VMH lesions? | show 🗑
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| show | the current view is that both the LH and VMH play roles in feeding/metabolism- more important long term for body weight regulation than feeding
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| What is the new (named) hypothesis of HT & energy balance? | show 🗑
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| show | ghrelin (from gut), insulin (from pancreas), and leptin (from adipose)
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| show | to initiate feeding
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| When is insulin secreted? | show 🗑
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| show | for long-term energy balance
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| What does orexigenic mean? | show 🗑
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| show | Activates anorexigenic neuropeptide systems and inhibits orexigenic neuropeptide systems
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| In the fat mice example, which neuropeptide was deficient/dysfunctional? | show 🗑
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| What was the population of O’Rahilly’s pediatric study? What were the results? | show 🗑
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| Does dry mouth play a large or small role in the physiological basis of thirst? | show 🗑
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| What are the two factors that must be balanced in fluid homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| What was one fluid injection technique that stimulated drinking in animals? | show 🗑
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| Where are baroreceptors that facilitate autonomic responses for fluid homeostasis? | show 🗑
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| show | OVLT (organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis)- osmosensitive
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| show | supraoptic nucleus (SON)- magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurons project to posterior pituitary
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| What do OVLT neurons regulate? | show 🗑
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| show | ADH
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| What is diuresis? | show 🗑
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| show | sodium excretion
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| show | modulate diuresis and natriuresis
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| What is VP’s effect on antidiuresis (anti-urine production)? | show 🗑
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| show | increases it
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| In a hypotonic state, what are the effects on thirst, vasopressin, oxytocin, and salt appetite? | show 🗑
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| In a hypertonic state, what are the effects on thirst, vasopressin, oxytocin, and salt appetite? | show 🗑
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| show | kidneys (water resorption), vessels (vasoconstriction/dilation for BP) and thirst (behavioral respsonse)
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| Precise detection of small changes in body temperature and ability to enact appropriate regulatory mechanisms to deal with challenges is a function of which structure? | show 🗑
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| show | anterior hypothalamus
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| At what point do changes in blood temperature activate thermosensitive neurons to activate behavioral cooling systems? (how big of a change in temperature) | show 🗑
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| Which area contains the heat conservation center? | show 🗑
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| show | pro-inflammatory cytokines (eg interleukins)
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| show | the OVLT (organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis)- it’s a circumventricular organ
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| Once cytokines access the brain (OVLT), what molecules are sent to the hypothalamus? How are they catalyzed? | show 🗑
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| Once prostoglandins are formed, how is the temperature set point centrally regulated? | show 🗑
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| show | anterior pituitary
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| What is the prototypical stress hormone? Where is it secreted from and what structure regulates its secretion? | show 🗑
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| show | HPA axis (hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis)
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| show | amygdala
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| What type of receptors are common in the hippocampus? | show 🗑
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| How does cortisol affect hippocampus function (memory formation) acutely? Chronically? | show 🗑
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| What did Rush (1996) find about cortisol? | show 🗑
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| show | thermal dysregulation, eating/metabolic changes, sleep disturbances- they depend on the location/extent of damage
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| What is the condition of widespread damage of the hypothalamus called? | show 🗑
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| Name 4 common causes of HT damage | show 🗑
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| What is Korsakoff’s disease associated with? | show 🗑
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| What are pituitary tumors often associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | pituitary tumor cells secrete high levels of ACTH
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| What are some symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? | show 🗑
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Created by:
mbyess
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