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Neuro Lecture 3: Hypothalamus + Homeostasis

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
show feeding center  
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show elicit feeding  
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show reduce feeding  
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show satiety center  
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show reduce feeding  
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show increase feeding  
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In certain case studies (Reeves & Plum 1969), what were the effects described to accompany VMH lesions?   show
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show the current view is that both the LH and VMH play roles in feeding/metabolism- more important long term for body weight regulation than feeding  
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show Set Point Hypothesis- the HT encodes a set point for body weight and defends against deviations by regulating food intake and/or caloric expenditure  
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What are 3 examples of peripheral hormones that regulate feeding? Where are they secreted from?   show
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show to initiate feeding  
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show to terminate feeding  
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show for long-term energy balance  
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show promotes food intake  
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Which neuropeptide systems do leptin activate? Inhibit?   show
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In the fat mice example, which neuropeptide was deficient/dysfunctional?   show
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What was the population of O’Rahilly’s pediatric study? What were the results?   show
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Does dry mouth play a large or small role in the physiological basis of thirst?   show
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show fluid intake and “sodium appetite”  
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What was one fluid injection technique that stimulated drinking in animals?   show
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Where are baroreceptors that facilitate autonomic responses for fluid homeostasis?   show
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Which structure of the HT is known as the hypothalamic ‘sensor’? What is it sensitive to?   show
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show supraoptic nucleus (SON)- magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurons project to posterior pituitary  
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What do OVLT neurons regulate?   show
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show ADH  
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What is diuresis?   show
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What is natriuresis?   show
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What do VP and oxytocin do?   show
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show decreases urine production  
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show increases it  
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show decrease thirst, VP, OT; increase salt intake  
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In a hypertonic state, what are the effects on thirst, vasopressin, oxytocin, and salt appetite?   show
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show kidneys (water resorption), vessels (vasoconstriction/dilation for BP) and thirst (behavioral respsonse)  
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show the hypothalamus  
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show anterior hypothalamus  
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At what point do changes in blood temperature activate thermosensitive neurons to activate behavioral cooling systems? (how big of a change in temperature)   show
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Which area contains the heat conservation center?   show
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Name the type of molecules that increase the body temperature “set-point” to induce a fever (and other sick behaviors like sleep, less appetite)?   show
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show the OVLT (organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis)- it’s a circumventricular organ  
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show prostoglandins (PGE-2) are catalyzed by cyclooxygenase  
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Once prostoglandins are formed, how is the temperature set point centrally regulated?   show
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show anterior pituitary  
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What is the prototypical stress hormone? Where is it secreted from and what structure regulates its secretion?   show
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What is the system that mediates stress interactions between brain and periphery?   show
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show amygdala  
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What type of receptors are common in the hippocampus?   show
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How does cortisol affect hippocampus function (memory formation) acutely? Chronically?   show
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What did Rush (1996) find about cortisol?   show
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show thermal dysregulation, eating/metabolic changes, sleep disturbances- they depend on the location/extent of damage  
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What is the condition of widespread damage of the hypothalamus called?   show
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show 1)infections along cranial cavity floor, 2) fractures of skull base, 3) Thiamine (B1) deficiency, 4) Pituitary tumors  
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What is Korsakoff’s disease associated with?   show
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What are pituitary tumors often associated with?   show
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show pituitary tumor cells secrete high levels of ACTH  
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What are some symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome?   show
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