Neuro Lecture 3: Hypothalamus + Homeostasis
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show | feeding center
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show | elicit feeding
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show | reduce feeding
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show | satiety center
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show | reduce feeding
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show | increase feeding
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In certain case studies (Reeves & Plum 1969), what were the effects described to accompany VMH lesions? | show 🗑
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show | the current view is that both the LH and VMH play roles in feeding/metabolism- more important long term for body weight regulation than feeding
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show | Set Point Hypothesis- the HT encodes a set point for body weight and defends against deviations by regulating food intake and/or caloric expenditure
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What are 3 examples of peripheral hormones that regulate feeding? Where are they secreted from? | show 🗑
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show | to initiate feeding
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show | to terminate feeding
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show | for long-term energy balance
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show | promotes food intake
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Which neuropeptide systems do leptin activate? Inhibit? | show 🗑
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In the fat mice example, which neuropeptide was deficient/dysfunctional? | show 🗑
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What was the population of O’Rahilly’s pediatric study? What were the results? | show 🗑
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Does dry mouth play a large or small role in the physiological basis of thirst? | show 🗑
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show | fluid intake and “sodium appetite”
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What was one fluid injection technique that stimulated drinking in animals? | show 🗑
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Where are baroreceptors that facilitate autonomic responses for fluid homeostasis? | show 🗑
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Which structure of the HT is known as the hypothalamic ‘sensor’? What is it sensitive to? | show 🗑
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show | supraoptic nucleus (SON)- magnocellular vasopressin and oxytocin neurons project to posterior pituitary
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What do OVLT neurons regulate? | show 🗑
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show | ADH
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What is diuresis? | show 🗑
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What is natriuresis? | show 🗑
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What do VP and oxytocin do? | show 🗑
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show | decreases urine production
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show | increases it
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show | decrease thirst, VP, OT; increase salt intake
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In a hypertonic state, what are the effects on thirst, vasopressin, oxytocin, and salt appetite? | show 🗑
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show | kidneys (water resorption), vessels (vasoconstriction/dilation for BP) and thirst (behavioral respsonse)
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show | the hypothalamus
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show | anterior hypothalamus
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At what point do changes in blood temperature activate thermosensitive neurons to activate behavioral cooling systems? (how big of a change in temperature) | show 🗑
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Which area contains the heat conservation center? | show 🗑
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Name the type of molecules that increase the body temperature “set-point” to induce a fever (and other sick behaviors like sleep, less appetite)? | show 🗑
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show | the OVLT (organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis)- it’s a circumventricular organ
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show | prostoglandins (PGE-2) are catalyzed by cyclooxygenase
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Once prostoglandins are formed, how is the temperature set point centrally regulated? | show 🗑
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show | anterior pituitary
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What is the prototypical stress hormone? Where is it secreted from and what structure regulates its secretion? | show 🗑
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What is the system that mediates stress interactions between brain and periphery? | show 🗑
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show | amygdala
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What type of receptors are common in the hippocampus? | show 🗑
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How does cortisol affect hippocampus function (memory formation) acutely? Chronically? | show 🗑
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What did Rush (1996) find about cortisol? | show 🗑
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show | thermal dysregulation, eating/metabolic changes, sleep disturbances- they depend on the location/extent of damage
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What is the condition of widespread damage of the hypothalamus called? | show 🗑
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show | 1)infections along cranial cavity floor, 2) fractures of skull base, 3) Thiamine (B1) deficiency, 4) Pituitary tumors
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What is Korsakoff’s disease associated with? | show 🗑
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What are pituitary tumors often associated with? | show 🗑
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show | pituitary tumor cells secrete high levels of ACTH
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What are some symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome? | show 🗑
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