outline for midterm GCSM
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| Celsius | wrote "De Medicina", roman physician
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| Hippocrates | father of medicine, developed anatripsis, big on gymnasiums, known for Hippocratic Oath
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| Per Henrick Ling | medical gymnastics, father of Physical Therapy
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| Aesculapius | God of medicine
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| Douglas Graham | father of swedish massage, popularized term "massage"
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| Anatripsis | "up not downward"
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| Shiatsu | points to stimulate nerves
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| Tsubos | points to stimulate circulation of fluids, "chi"
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| Ayerveda | "art of life", indian book of medicine of how to live life, included massage principles and hygeine practices
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| Tui-Na | "push/pull"
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| Accupressure | Chinese tradition based on accupuncture, regulates chi
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| Trager Method | movement exercises called mentatstics with gentle shaking to help with tension
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| Rolfing | developed by Ada Rolf, aligns body segments through manipulations of the fascia or the connective tissue
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| Swedish | based on western concepts of anatomy, physiology and employs effleurage, petrissage, etc
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| Reflexology | stimulation of a point the body effects another area or organ
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| Manual Lymph Drainage | developed by Emil Vodder
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| Sports Massage | designed to prepare an athlete for an upcoming event and to aid the body's regeneration and restorative capacities
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| Shiatsu | finger pressure method based on oriental concept that the body has a series of energy points, used by the Japanese to improve circulation, stimulate nerves and improve metabolism
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| Polarity Therapy | a method developed by Randolph Stone using massage manipulations derived from eastern and western practices, Exercises and thinking practices are included, to balance the body both physically and energetically
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| Neuromuscular Techniques | varieties include Myotherapy, triggerpoint, Muscle Energy Technique, etc. Reflex activity tends to normalize contractile tissue and brings the body more toward balance
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| Craniosacral Therapy | developed by John Upledger and is a gentile hands on method of evaluating and enhancing the functioning of the craniosacral system
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| AMTA-COS | American Massage Therapy Association, Council of Schools, 500 Classroom hours
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| COMPTA | Commission for Massage Training Accreditation, 600 Hours
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| 1990 | Massage laws passed
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| 1992 | First national exam, certification by NCETMB
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| Ethics | a system or a code of morals or principles that governs choice of action by an individual or group or profession
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| Anatomy | the study of a body or organism's gross structure
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| Physiology | science and study of the functions of vital processes mechanisms, and fuctions of an organ or system of organs
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| Kinesiology | scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology and mechanics of movement
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| Histology | form of microscopic anatomy, branch of biology that studies microscopic structures of tissues and living organisms
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| Pathology | study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease
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| sagittal | divides the body into unequal left and right halves
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| midsagittal (median) | the plane that runs along the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves
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| Coronal (frontal) | the plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior halves
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| Transverse(cross horizontal) | the plane that divides the body or a limb into Superior and Inferior halves
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| superior | above, refers to the structure being closer to or higher than the head
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| cranial | towards the head
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| inferior | lower than another structure
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| caudal | refers to a structure being closer to the feet
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| anterior | refers to a structure being more in front that another structure
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| ventral | pertaining to the organs found in the front
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| posterior | refers to a structure being more in the back than another structure
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| dorsal | pertaining to organs found in the back
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| medial | towards the midline, refers to a structure being father away from the median plane than another structure
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| lateral | away from the midline, refers to a structure being farther away from the median plane than another structure
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| proximal | nearest to the point of attachment (trunk) used for limbs only
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| distal | farthest from the point of attachment, used for limbs only
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| frontal | head
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| temporal | temples
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| cervical | neck
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| deltoid | shoulder
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| brachial | arm between the elbow and the shoulder
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| axillary | armpit
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| hypochondrium | below the ribs
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| umbilical | naval
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| hypogastric | below umbilical region
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| pateller | knee
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| femoral | thigh
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| inguinal | groin
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| epigastric | above the umbilical region
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| pectoral | chest
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| parietal | the part of the head that a yamaka sits on
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| mastoid | behind the ear
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| cervical | neck
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| scapular | shoulder blade
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| lumbar | lower back
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| gluteal | buttocks
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| popliteal | back of the knee
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| Levels of Living Matter (from smallest to largest) | atoms (ions), molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ system, organism
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| atoms (example) | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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| molecules (example) | sugars, proteins, water
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| organelles (example) | mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes
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| cells (example) | epithelial cell, nerve cell
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| tissue | layers of groups of cells
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| organs | complex structures of groups of tissue lung, brain, stomach
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| organ system | combination of two or more organs, respiratory, nervous, digestive
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| organism | human being
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| Phases of Mitosis (5/I Picked My Apples Today) | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase
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| homeostasis | internal balance of the body
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| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells (ex: cancer)
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| 5 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, liquid, muscle, nervous
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| Function of Tissue (PEAS) | Protection, Excretion, Absorption, Secretion
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| Types of epithelial tissue appearance | squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional
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| Squamous tissue looks... | flat
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| Periosteum | covering around bone
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| Perichondrium | covering around ribs
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| 3 types of cartilage | hyline, fibrocartilage, elastic
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| Hyline cartilage is found in... | ribs, ends of long bones
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| Fibrocartilage is found in... | joints, between vertebrae, "shock absorber"
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| Elastic cartilage is found in... | tip of nose, ears
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| Types of non infectious skin diseases | eczema, psoriasis, acne vulgaris
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| types of infectious skin diseases | herpes simplex I and II, Scabies
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| 3 layers of dermis | papillary, reticular, subcutaneous
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| Papillary layer | directly beneath epidermis, contains papillae which are cone like projections made of fine nerve ends and capillaries (ex fingerprints)
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| Reticular layer | contains fat cells, blood and lymph vessels, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles and nerve endings
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| Subcutaneous layer | adipose tissue, connects skin to surface muscles, contains adipose (fatty) tissue
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| 5 layers of Epidermis | stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, stratum lucideum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum
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| Stratum corneum is... | dead layer of skin, uppermost layer, non living
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| stratum germinativum is... | deepest layer of epidermis, contains melanocytes (colors skin)
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| Stratum lucideum is... | found in thick epidermis (feet, palms of hands)
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| Stratum granulosum is... | gives gritty appearance, granule like cells
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| Stratum spinosum is... | helps protect from ultraviolet rays
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| 2 types of glands... | sebatious and sudoriferous
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| Sebatious glands are... | oil glands
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| Sudoriferous glands are... | sweat glands
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| Eccrine (sudoriferous glands)... | activated by rising temperatures
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| Apocrine (sudoriferous glands)... | activated by stress only, odor
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| 8 functions of skin... | protection, respiration, secretion, heat regulation, sythesis, excretion, sensation, absorption
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| Thrombosis, embolism, blood clot, active phlebitis, localized poison | Absolute
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| Suspicious accident, injury, undiagnosed disease, aneurysm | Absolute
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| internal bleeding, shock | Absolute
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| Toxemia during pregnancy | Absolute
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| Pitted Edema | Absolute
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| Bacterial Infection | Absolute
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| Severe uncontrolled hypertension | Absolute
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| Lymphedema | Tentative
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| Varicose Veins | Tentative
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| Active Sciatica | Tentative
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| Past history of phlebitis, thrombosis or aneurysm | Tenative
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| acute pain, high blood pressure | Tentative
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| Extensive burn area, recent injury, disease | Tenative
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| Tendency to bruise easily | Tentative
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| Edema (excess fluids in tisues spaces) | Tentative
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| Athletes Foot | Local
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| Skin eruptions (boils, open weeping sores) | Local
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| Poison Ivy | Local
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| Signs of venereal disease | Local
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| Abdomen of pregnant woman | Local
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| Recent surgical or injured area | local
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| Local Burn | local
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| Infected area (small) | local
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| Tumor, cyst or any presense that if disturbed might disperse infections | local
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| bruise | local
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| 6 classifications of massage | touching, gliding, kneading, friction, percussion, joint movements
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| What does Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do? | transportation system of the cell, carries proteins and lipids to organelles
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| What is the cell membrane? | gives cells support and protects cell, made up of lipids
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| What is cytoplasm? | contains all organelles and is a gel like fluid that supports organells
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| What is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes, ribosomes are factories that make proteins
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| What is the nucleus | cell's brain
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| What is Mitochondria | power house of the cell
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| What is lysosome | digest old molecules of DNA, "cleans"
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| What is the Golgi Apparatus | modify, sort and package proteins and lipids for transport
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