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Midterm Outline
outline for midterm GCSM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Celsius | wrote "De Medicina", roman physician |
| Hippocrates | father of medicine, developed anatripsis, big on gymnasiums, known for Hippocratic Oath |
| Per Henrick Ling | medical gymnastics, father of Physical Therapy |
| Aesculapius | God of medicine |
| Douglas Graham | father of swedish massage, popularized term "massage" |
| Anatripsis | "up not downward" |
| Shiatsu | points to stimulate nerves |
| Tsubos | points to stimulate circulation of fluids, "chi" |
| Ayerveda | "art of life", indian book of medicine of how to live life, included massage principles and hygeine practices |
| Tui-Na | "push/pull" |
| Accupressure | Chinese tradition based on accupuncture, regulates chi |
| Trager Method | movement exercises called mentatstics with gentle shaking to help with tension |
| Rolfing | developed by Ada Rolf, aligns body segments through manipulations of the fascia or the connective tissue |
| Swedish | based on western concepts of anatomy, physiology and employs effleurage, petrissage, etc |
| Reflexology | stimulation of a point the body effects another area or organ |
| Manual Lymph Drainage | developed by Emil Vodder |
| Sports Massage | designed to prepare an athlete for an upcoming event and to aid the body's regeneration and restorative capacities |
| Shiatsu | finger pressure method based on oriental concept that the body has a series of energy points, used by the Japanese to improve circulation, stimulate nerves and improve metabolism |
| Polarity Therapy | a method developed by Randolph Stone using massage manipulations derived from eastern and western practices, Exercises and thinking practices are included, to balance the body both physically and energetically |
| Neuromuscular Techniques | varieties include Myotherapy, triggerpoint, Muscle Energy Technique, etc. Reflex activity tends to normalize contractile tissue and brings the body more toward balance |
| Craniosacral Therapy | developed by John Upledger and is a gentile hands on method of evaluating and enhancing the functioning of the craniosacral system |
| AMTA-COS | American Massage Therapy Association, Council of Schools, 500 Classroom hours |
| COMPTA | Commission for Massage Training Accreditation, 600 Hours |
| 1990 | Massage laws passed |
| 1992 | First national exam, certification by NCETMB |
| Ethics | a system or a code of morals or principles that governs choice of action by an individual or group or profession |
| Anatomy | the study of a body or organism's gross structure |
| Physiology | science and study of the functions of vital processes mechanisms, and fuctions of an organ or system of organs |
| Kinesiology | scientific study of muscular activity and the anatomy, physiology and mechanics of movement |
| Histology | form of microscopic anatomy, branch of biology that studies microscopic structures of tissues and living organisms |
| Pathology | study of the structural and functional changes caused by disease |
| sagittal | divides the body into unequal left and right halves |
| midsagittal (median) | the plane that runs along the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves |
| Coronal (frontal) | the plane that divides the body into Anterior and Posterior halves |
| Transverse(cross horizontal) | the plane that divides the body or a limb into Superior and Inferior halves |
| superior | above, refers to the structure being closer to or higher than the head |
| cranial | towards the head |
| inferior | lower than another structure |
| caudal | refers to a structure being closer to the feet |
| anterior | refers to a structure being more in front that another structure |
| ventral | pertaining to the organs found in the front |
| posterior | refers to a structure being more in the back than another structure |
| dorsal | pertaining to organs found in the back |
| medial | towards the midline, refers to a structure being father away from the median plane than another structure |
| lateral | away from the midline, refers to a structure being farther away from the median plane than another structure |
| proximal | nearest to the point of attachment (trunk) used for limbs only |
| distal | farthest from the point of attachment, used for limbs only |
| frontal | head |
| temporal | temples |
| cervical | neck |
| deltoid | shoulder |
| brachial | arm between the elbow and the shoulder |
| axillary | armpit |
| hypochondrium | below the ribs |
| umbilical | naval |
| hypogastric | below umbilical region |
| pateller | knee |
| femoral | thigh |
| inguinal | groin |
| epigastric | above the umbilical region |
| pectoral | chest |
| parietal | the part of the head that a yamaka sits on |
| mastoid | behind the ear |
| cervical | neck |
| scapular | shoulder blade |
| lumbar | lower back |
| gluteal | buttocks |
| popliteal | back of the knee |
| Levels of Living Matter (from smallest to largest) | atoms (ions), molecules, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ system, organism |
| atoms (example) | carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen |
| molecules (example) | sugars, proteins, water |
| organelles (example) | mitochondrion, nucleus, ribosomes |
| cells (example) | epithelial cell, nerve cell |
| tissue | layers of groups of cells |
| organs | complex structures of groups of tissue lung, brain, stomach |
| organ system | combination of two or more organs, respiratory, nervous, digestive |
| organism | human being |
| Phases of Mitosis (5/I Picked My Apples Today) | Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telephase |
| homeostasis | internal balance of the body |
| hyperplasia | increase in the number of cells (ex: cancer) |
| 5 types of tissue | epithelial, connective, liquid, muscle, nervous |
| Function of Tissue (PEAS) | Protection, Excretion, Absorption, Secretion |
| Types of epithelial tissue appearance | squamous, cuboidal, columnar, transitional |
| Squamous tissue looks... | flat |
| Periosteum | covering around bone |
| Perichondrium | covering around ribs |
| 3 types of cartilage | hyline, fibrocartilage, elastic |
| Hyline cartilage is found in... | ribs, ends of long bones |
| Fibrocartilage is found in... | joints, between vertebrae, "shock absorber" |
| Elastic cartilage is found in... | tip of nose, ears |
| Types of non infectious skin diseases | eczema, psoriasis, acne vulgaris |
| types of infectious skin diseases | herpes simplex I and II, Scabies |
| 3 layers of dermis | papillary, reticular, subcutaneous |
| Papillary layer | directly beneath epidermis, contains papillae which are cone like projections made of fine nerve ends and capillaries (ex fingerprints) |
| Reticular layer | contains fat cells, blood and lymph vessels, sweat and oil glands, hair follicles and nerve endings |
| Subcutaneous layer | adipose tissue, connects skin to surface muscles, contains adipose (fatty) tissue |
| 5 layers of Epidermis | stratum corneum, stratum germinativum, stratum lucideum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum |
| Stratum corneum is... | dead layer of skin, uppermost layer, non living |
| stratum germinativum is... | deepest layer of epidermis, contains melanocytes (colors skin) |
| Stratum lucideum is... | found in thick epidermis (feet, palms of hands) |
| Stratum granulosum is... | gives gritty appearance, granule like cells |
| Stratum spinosum is... | helps protect from ultraviolet rays |
| 2 types of glands... | sebatious and sudoriferous |
| Sebatious glands are... | oil glands |
| Sudoriferous glands are... | sweat glands |
| Eccrine (sudoriferous glands)... | activated by rising temperatures |
| Apocrine (sudoriferous glands)... | activated by stress only, odor |
| 8 functions of skin... | protection, respiration, secretion, heat regulation, sythesis, excretion, sensation, absorption |
| Thrombosis, embolism, blood clot, active phlebitis, localized poison | Absolute |
| Suspicious accident, injury, undiagnosed disease, aneurysm | Absolute |
| internal bleeding, shock | Absolute |
| Toxemia during pregnancy | Absolute |
| Pitted Edema | Absolute |
| Bacterial Infection | Absolute |
| Severe uncontrolled hypertension | Absolute |
| Lymphedema | Tentative |
| Varicose Veins | Tentative |
| Active Sciatica | Tentative |
| Past history of phlebitis, thrombosis or aneurysm | Tenative |
| acute pain, high blood pressure | Tentative |
| Extensive burn area, recent injury, disease | Tenative |
| Tendency to bruise easily | Tentative |
| Edema (excess fluids in tisues spaces) | Tentative |
| Athletes Foot | Local |
| Skin eruptions (boils, open weeping sores) | Local |
| Poison Ivy | Local |
| Signs of venereal disease | Local |
| Abdomen of pregnant woman | Local |
| Recent surgical or injured area | local |
| Local Burn | local |
| Infected area (small) | local |
| Tumor, cyst or any presense that if disturbed might disperse infections | local |
| bruise | local |
| 6 classifications of massage | touching, gliding, kneading, friction, percussion, joint movements |
| What does Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum do? | transportation system of the cell, carries proteins and lipids to organelles |
| What is the cell membrane? | gives cells support and protects cell, made up of lipids |
| What is cytoplasm? | contains all organelles and is a gel like fluid that supports organells |
| What is Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Endoplasmic Reticulum with ribosomes, ribosomes are factories that make proteins |
| What is the nucleus | cell's brain |
| What is Mitochondria | power house of the cell |
| What is lysosome | digest old molecules of DNA, "cleans" |
| What is the Golgi Apparatus | modify, sort and package proteins and lipids for transport |
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Synergy Healing
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