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Valhalla High School Bentley AP World Ch. 12

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Term
Definition
Significance
Time Period
Chapter
Region
Decline in Manichaism   (blank)Manichaism came under pressure in the Sasanid Empire due to the emperor’s desire to spread Zoroastrianism. Manichaists were also persecuted against in the Roman Empire because of the religion’s origins in the Sasanid Empire.   (blank)The decline of Manichaism showed how the authority of the state overpowered the religious preferences of its people, thus defining the all-powerful leaders of the time period.   5th and 6th centuries CE (classical period)   12   show
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Epidemic Diseases   (blank)Large outbreaks of bubonic plague, measles, and smallpox that caused significant demographic damage (around ¼ of the population in China and Rome) and had a partial impact on the fall of the Han and Roman Empires.   (blank)Large outbreaks of bubonic plague, measles, and smallpox that caused significant demographic damage (around ¼ of the population in China and Rome) and had a partial impact on the fall of the Han and Roman Empires.   100-600 CE   12   show
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Effects of Epidemic Diseases   (blank)Epidemic disease led to the constriction of economies with desperate attempts towards self-sufficiency, as well as a withdrawal from the larger imperial market.   show 100-600CE   12   (blank)Mediterranean and China  
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Peasant Rebellion   show The growing power of the wealthy prompted discontent in the peasants, all in all contributing to the internal decay of the Han Dynasty and assisting in its collapse.   Around 100-220CE   12   China  
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show The Han Dynasty finally fell when in 190CE the Han emperor became a puppet figure and generals with armies alligned with landowners leading to the fall of the Han Dynasty in 220 CE and the division of the empire into three kingdoms.   The fall of the Han Dynasty led to the disunity of China for over 350 years and also projected foreign nomadic influence into the region.   190-220CE   12   China  
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Sinicization of the Nomadic Peoples   show The sinicization of nomads allowed for people from other cultures to become part of Chinese life and also promted the popularity of Buddhism and Daoism in an effort to find peace and the loss of faith in Confucianism.   220-570CE   12   China  
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the monsoon system   governed sailing and shipping in Indian Ocean, knowledge of winds allowed mariners to sail safely   aloowed for trade throughout Indian Ocean basin and when used properly allowed ships to travel faster than usual; helped enhance world trade   second century b.c.e.   show India-indian ocean basin  
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trade in the hellenistic world   trade from Bactria and India in east to Mediterranean basin in west. From India:spices,pepper,cosmetics,gems,and pearls by caravan and ship. Persia and Egypt:grain. Mediterranean: wine, olive oil,jewlery, art.   trade allowed different areas to receive goods that were previously unheard of in their areas. It also allowed for an exchange of ideas and philosophies.   hellenistic era   show Bactria, India, Mediterranean,Persia,Egypt(eurasia and hellenistic world)  
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show network of trade routes that were called silk roads because high-quality silk was a principal commodity. It was a caravan trade system from the Roman empire to China   connected eurasian landmass and allowed a constant and easy flow of goods from one land to another. It also helped create a whole new era of social interaction   200 b.c.e.-300 c.e.   12   china to Roman empire, eurasian landmass, classical empires  
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show Sea lanes from the South China Sea linked east Asia to SE Asia.Indian sea lanes went through the Arabian Sea to Persia and Arabia.From the Persian Gulf & Red Sea they went to the Mediterranean basin.Silk and spices traveled west from SE Asia,China,& India   These lanes allowed goods and technology to travel from one area to another in a whole different way. Goods could now travel from one area to another from land or sea.   200 b.c.e-300c.e.   12   China, India, SW and SE Asia, Persia, Arabia, Mediterranean, north Africa  
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trade goods   Silk and spices from China, SE Asia, and India. Central Asia made large, strong horses and jade. The Roman empire made glassware, jewlery, art, decorations, bronze goods, textiles. pottery, iron tools, olive oil, wine, & gold and silver bullion   show 200 b.c.e-300c.e., classical times   12   Roman empire Cental Asia, China, Mdeiterranean  
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the organization of long-distance trade   Long-distance trade was handled in stages.No merchant went across all of Eurasia.They would pass the goods to another merchant in exchange for something else until the goods reached their destination.Malayans and Persians were some of the major mariners.   This system of organization allowed for easier trade and quicker attainment of good. It also helped stimulate economies along the trade routes.   200 b.c.e.-300c.e especially 1st century b.c.e-1st century c.e.   12   show
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show It was also known as the Tarim Basin and is translated as "he who enters does not come back out" because it is so dangerous. The silk road splits and goes to the north and south of it, but not directly through.   This desert not only caused the death of anyone who crossed it, but also forced the Silk roads to be split into two different directions.   not time period specific just an area, but used from 200b.c.e.- 300c.e.   12   central asia  
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show Rulers invested in them for military and administrative reasons, but they also encouraged trade and exchanges between socieies.   They created interaction between socities that previously had no connetions and they held together an empire.   during the classical age   12   Eurasia  
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show Buddhism gained acceptance in China with the fall of the Han Dynasty, which prompted nomadic Buddhists to enter China and spread the faith to the Chinese. The instability of the period also strengthed the doctrine of Buddhism, which sought for peace.   Buddhism in China established a vital cultural foundation neccessary to the restoration of unified political order.   4th and 6th centuries CE   12   China  
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The Barracks Emperors   The 26 claimants to the Roman imperial throne (mostly generals) who went through a series of power struggles resulting in all but one of their assasinations.   These series of power struggles sparked further internal decay of the Roman empire, which already teetered from sheer size and devastating epidemics.   235-284CE   show Mediterranean (Rome)  
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Buddhism In Central Asia   many residents of the oasis towns along the silk roads adopted this prominent faith   spread Buddhism to nomadic people from the steppes and aided the overall expansion of the religion   show 12   Central Asia  
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Buddism in China   Chinese foreign merchants were the first believers and built many monosaries and had missionaries to help spread Buddhism in China as well as along the silk roads   The presence of the merchants' monosaries and their missionaries attracted many Chinese converts and helped faciliate the spread of Buddhism into other regions such as east Asia, Japan, and Korea   1st century B.C.E.   show China  
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show spread by merchants traveling on the silk roads, many rulers converted to Buddhism,   enhanced authority by associating themeselves with honored religious traditions and set a precedent of this for many future societies   late centuries B.C.E., first century C.E.   12   Southeast Asia  
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Hinduism In Southeast Asia   spread by merchants traveling on the silk roads, most prominent in modern Vietnam and Cambodia, led to the adoption of Sanskirt as a written language, Shiva and Vishnu most prominent cults   significantly impacted the style and architecture of souteastern Asian cities as well as their cultural traditions   late centuries B.C.E., first century C.E.   12   show
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Christianity in the Mediterranean Basin   Christianity became an enourmously popular religion in the Roman Empire, Greece, Italy, Spain, and many other prominent regions thanks to the help of Gregory the wonderworker   led to the expansion of Christianity in many other regions such as southwest Asia   2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.   show The Mediterranean Basin  
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Christianity in Southwest Asia   Sizable Christian communties began to flourish in regions such as Mesopotamia, Iran, and as far as India as well as many other regions, endureds forced Islamic conversions   aided Christianity into becoming a prominent source of religious inspiration, facilitated the spread of a major religion still practiced in large numbers today   show 12   Southwest Asia  
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Mani   a prophet, a devout Zoroastrian from Babylon and Mesopotamia, and the founder of the religion called Manichaeism   Offered the world a rational explanation for the presence of good and evil,   show 12   The Roman Empire  
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show This religion, founded by Mani, appealled strongly to merchnats and had two sects, "the elect," and "the hearers"   Attracted so many converts that it became a prominent religion and affected the cultural, political, and religous aspects of mant societies, especially the Roman Empire   The 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.   12   The Roman Empire  
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Manichaean Ethics   "the elect" were devout and abstained from sex, fine clothing, meat, rich foods, and other comforts and dedicated their lives to prayer, ritual observacnes and fasting, and the "hearers" who led more conventional lives but still adhered to a moral code   affected the lives of many individuals as they follwed these rules and ethics, and also slowed the spread of other major religions, thus impacting the religious aspects of many societies   The 2nd and 3rd centuries C.E.   12   show
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Gregory The Wonderworker   a tireless Christian missionary who helped facilitate the spread of religion in central Anatolia, was able to perform miracles, and expelled demons   led to the spread of Christianity into southwest Asia as well as many other regions and helped Christianity become world-wide and a largely practiced prominent religion   show 12   Central Anatolia  
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show Divided the Roman Empire into the East and West districts which reported to the Emporer. The new and more effective government stopped inflation and stabilized the economy.   decentrailized the government which made rome prone to internal struggles.   284-305 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Tetrarchs   The four officials who aided the coemperor in governing both the Eastern and Western districts of Rome   After Diocletion's resignation of office, the Tetrarchs engaged in internal struggles for power and a bitter civil war.   284-324 CE   show Mediterranean  
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Emporer Constantine   The son of Diocletion's coruler Constantius, Constantine reunited the Roman Empire and moved the capitol to the strategic location of Constantine.   show 324-350 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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show Orrigionally from Scandinavia and Russia, the Visigoths settled around the northeatsern border of Rome, acting as buffer states. They drew deep inspiration from Roman society and law, and in 410, sacked Rome   they streamed into Rome when threatened by the Huns and brought down the Western Empire   since 2nd century CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Attilla the Hun   Led the nomadic Huns in a conquest through Europe, pressuring the Germanic neighbors of Rome to invade for protection   forced Germanic people to invade and eventually collapse Rome   mid 5th century CE   12   show
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show Was the last Roman emporer of the Western half. He was deposed by the Germanic general,   (blank)   (blank)   12   Mediterranean  
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(blank)   show (blank)   (blank)   12   Mediterranean  
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show (blank)   (blank)   (blank)   12   Mediterranean  
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(blank)   (blank)   show (blank)   12   Mediterranean  
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Diocletion   Roman emperor who divided the Empire into the Eastern and Western districts headed by corulers. He stopped inflation and stabilized the economy   show 284-305 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Tetrarchs   The four officils who helped the coruled govern half of the Empire.   show 284-324 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Constantine   Was the son of Diocletion's coruler, Constantus, he reunified Rome and moved the capitol to the strategic location of Constantinople   show 324-350 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Visigoths   Germanic settlers around the northern borders of rome, who invaded and sacked Rome in 476.   was mostly responsible for the fall of Western Rome   since 2nd century CE   show Mediterranean  
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Romulus Agustulus   Was the last emperor of the western half of Rome. He was deposed by the Germanic general,Odovacer in 476   ended the long chain of   476 CE   12   show
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Edct of Milan   show allowed for a signifigant spread of christianity   312 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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Theodosius   Proclaimed christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire   Greatly influenced and quickened the spread of Christianity   380 CE   show Mediterranean  
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St. Agustine   The well educated bishop of the north African city of Hippo who's writings on christianity persuaded people to convert   was key in the spread of christianity through literature   354-430 CE   12   show
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show The districts which the bishops governed   Every important Roman city was a part of a christian diocese   -   12   Mediterranean  
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Council of Nicaea and Chaldon   show Solved the ongoing arguement between Nestorians and Arians   325, 451 CE   12   Mediterranean  
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