Vagina, Vulva, and Cervix
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| What lines the ectocervix | non-keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium
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| What lines the endocervix | mucin secreting, simple columnar epithelium
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| What is the squamocolumnar junction | the area between the endocervical epithelium and the ectocervical squamous cells
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| What is the area where cells undergo metaplasia | squamocolumnar junction (the area of metaplasia is where dysplasia occurs)
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| What is the transformation zone | area between the original squamocolumnar junction and the new squamocolumnar junction (junction position changes depending on hormonal status)
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| what are the low risk HPVs | 6 and 11
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| What are the high risk HPVs | 16, 18, 31, 33
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| What are risk factors for HPV infection | early age of first sexual intercourse, numerous sexual partners, smoking
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| What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the Western hemisphere | Chlamydia trachomatis
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| What are some complications of Chlamydia | endometritis and salpingitis; postinfectious inclues Pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal infertility, neonatal pneumonia
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| What are the physical manifestations of HSV 2 virus | vesicles (nonpainful) and shallow ulcerations (excruciatingly painful)
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| What would you suspect if you saw white changes of the vulva with parchment paper like look in a post menopausal woman? | lichen sclerosis et atrophicus
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| Is Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus related to HPV? | no
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| What would you suspect if you saw a red and eczematous lesion with irregular boders in an older postmenopausal woman | Padget disease
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| Who gets vaginal clear cell carcinoma | adolescents
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| Female children of women who used DES during their pregnancy are at increased risk for ? vaginal carcinoma | Clear Cell Carcinoma
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| What is the subtype of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma that is often found in cavities such as the vagina and the bladder (Grape-like) | Sarcoma Botryoides
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| What is a common presentating symptom of an endocervical polyp | post coital bleeding
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| The endometrium of the uterus is composed of? | glands (lined by simple columnar epithelial cells) and surrounding stroma
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| The myometrium is composed of? | smooth muscle and vessels and lymphatics
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| Virtually all physiologic and pathologic lesions of the endometrium can present with? | abnormal vaginal bleeding
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| Estrogen is responsible for what endometrial phase? Progesterone? | estrogen-proliferative progesterone-secretory
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| When do you often see acute endometiritis | postpartum or postabortal period
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| What is Adenomyosis | endometrial glands and stroma within the myometrium.
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| What is the cause of endometrial hyperplasia | increased estrogen
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| What are the risk factors for endometrial adenocarcinoma | obesity, nulliparity, late menopause, chronic anovulation, unopposed estrogen replacement therapy, tamoxifen therapy
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| Are most patients pre or post menopausal at the time of presentation with endometrial adenocarcinoma | 75% are post menopausal
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| What are the two main types of endometrial adenocarcinoma | Endometrioid and Uterine Papillary Serous Carcinoma
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| What is the most common type of Endometrial adenocarcinoma | endometrioid
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| Does endometrioid or Uterine papillary serous carcinoma usually occur in the setting of atrophy? | Uterine papillary serous carcinoma
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| What is the most common neoplasm in women | leiomyomas
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| what is the characteristic gross appearance of leiomyomas | well-cercumscribed, spherical mass, dense whorled, tan-white
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| How does a Leiomyosarcoma appear grossly | foci of hemorrhage and necrosis
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| What is the histological appearance of leiomyosarcomas | cytologic atypia with mitotic activity and necrosis
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| When an elderly woman presents with a polypoid mass arisin in the endometrium but protruding through the cervical canal may have? | Malignant mixed mullerian tumors
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| What is the Chromosome pattern seen in a complete hydatidiform mole? | 46XX or 46XY
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| What do hydatidiform moles secrete? | B-HCG
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