Integumentory FOBF Chpt 8
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| The Integumentory system is composed of? | Skin, nail, hair, sebacous glands, cerumenous glands, sudoriferous glands
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| Sebum is produced by? | Sebacous glands
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| Cerumen is produced by? | Cerumenous glands
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| Sweat is produced by? | Sudoriferous glands
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| Functions of the skin include? | 1. flexability 2. waterproof 3. Protects from chemicals and microbs 4. protects against UV light 5. Regulates body temp through evaporation
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| Epidermis | Outer most layer of skin
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| The Epidermis is composed of? | Epithelial cells
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| Epithelial cells reproduce by? | Mitosis
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| Epithelial cells reproduce at the rate of? | 30,000/day
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| Keratinization | The process by which newer epithelial cells push upwards (to the surface) where they slowly necrose
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| Skin sloughing helps? | Rid the body of pathogens
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| Dermis /Corium | 2nd layer of skin
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| The Dermis/Corium consists of? | Connective tissue - Collagenous & elastin fibers
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| Collagen functions | To bind the skin cells together
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| Embedded in the Dermis/Corium are? | 1.Blood vessels 2.Nerves 3.Lymph vessels 4.Hair follicles 5.Sebaceous glands -oil 6.Sudoriferous glands -sweat
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| Sweat is released through? | Ossa - called sudoriferous pores
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| Hypodermis/Subcutaneous | 3rd layer of skin
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| Subcutaneous abbreviation | subQ subCU
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| The subcutaneous/hypodermis consists mainly of? | Adipose tissue - fat
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| The Hypodermis/subQ attaches? | The dermis/corium to the underlying muscles
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| Fascia | Connective fibrous tissue found through out the body
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| Callus (calluses)-pl | Thickend skin caused by excessive amount of abrasion or friction
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| Skin pigmentation is caused by? | Melanin
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| Albinism | A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin
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| Dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis cause? | 1.Erythroderma
2.Erythema
3.Rubeosis
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| Causes of Erythema include? | 1.Pyrexia -fever
2.Hypertension (HTN)
3.Inflammation
4.Blushing
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| Cyanosis/Cyanotic | A bluish condition caused by:
1.Hypoxia (lack of O2)
2.Hypothermia (cold)
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| Xanthroderma AKA | Jaundic
Icterus (kericterus)
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| Xanthroderma | A yellowish/orange discoloration of the skin or sclerae
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| Xanthroderma is caused by? | Excessive hemolysis, erythrocytosis or hyperbilirubinemia
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| Hair is a characteristic of? | Mammals
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| On humans hair can be found everywhere -except: | Palms,soles,glans penis
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| Each hair is composed of | 1. shaft (visible portion)
2. root (found in the epidermal tube)
3. follicle (where mitosis/growth occures)
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| The average human produces ? hair per/year | 7 miles
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| Arrector Pili muscle | A muscle which causes the hair shaft to stand on end - attached to the root
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| Alopecia | Hair loss
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| Genetics control hair | Color, texture, loss
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| Nail body | The visable portion of the nail
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| Nail bed | The surface on which the nail grows
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| Eponychium | Cutical
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| Onychocryptosis | Ingrown or hidden nail
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| Onychmycosis | Nail fungus
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| Paronychia | Inflammation adjacent to the nail
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| Cicatrix / Cicatrices -pl | Scar(s)
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| Keloid | Exaggerated of hypertrophied scar
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| Ulcer | An erosion (wearing away) of the skin or mucous membrane
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| Decubitus ulcer | Bedsore or pressure sore
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| Decubitus ulcers commonly occur where? | Pressure points such as:
1.Coccyx (tailbone)
2.Calcanei (heel bone)
3.Olecranos (elbows)
4.Scapulae (shoulder bones)
5.Occipital bone (posterior cranium)
6.Pelvis (ilia & Ischia)
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| Ecchymosis /Ecchymotic | Black, blue marks caused by bleeding under the skin -also called Hematoma, contusion, bruise
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| Edema / Edematous | Tissue swelling caused by fluid
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| Pitted Edema | Fluid accumilation where indentions occure after light palpation
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| Eschar(otic) | Necotic tissue caused by burn
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| Macule / macular | Pertaining to; flat usually erthematous skin
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| Papule /papular | Pertaining to; a raised skin lesion less than <1cm
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| Nodule /nodular | Pertaing to; a raised skin lesion greater than >1cm
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| Nevus / nevi | Mole or birthmark
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| Petechia(e) | Pinpoint skin hemorrhage
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| Purpura | A combination of Ecchymosis and petechiae (red/black/blue marks)
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| Pustule / pustular | Pertaing to; a papule (<1cm) filled with pus
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| Abscess / abscesses | Collection of pus
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| Verruca(e) | Wart(s)
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| Pallor | Paleness
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| Vesicle / blister | Raised lesion filled w/clear liquid
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| Bulla | Vesicle greater >1cm
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| Bleb | Vesicle less <1cm
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| Abrasion | Mechanical superficial damage to the skin (scrape)
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| Excoriation | Chemical superficial damage to the skin diaper rash)
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| Cellulitis / dermititis | Inflammation of skin cells
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| Urticaria | Hives/Wheals - an indication of allergic reaction
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| Cyst | A lump of thickining of skin
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| Furuncle | Boil - an infection of a hair follicle & adjacent tissue
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| Gangrene / gangrenous | Putrefaction (rot) - caused by tissue necrosis & microbial perliferation
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| Laceration | Tissue that is cut, torn, or ripped
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| Avulsion | Tearing of any part of the body, away from the whole
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| Xeroderma | Dry skin
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| Ichthyosis | Dry, scaly skin
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| Crustation(s) | Scab(s)
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| Vitiligo | Localized loss of skin pigmenation - characterized by milk-white patch's
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| Carbuncle | A cluster of Furuncles (hair follicles)
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