Question | Answer |
The Integumentory system is composed of? | Skin, nail, hair, sebacous glands, cerumenous glands, sudoriferous glands |
Sebum is produced by? | Sebacous glands |
Cerumen is produced by? | Cerumenous glands |
Sweat is produced by? | Sudoriferous glands |
Functions of the skin include? | 1. flexability 2. waterproof 3. Protects from chemicals and microbs 4. protects against UV light 5. Regulates body temp through evaporation |
Epidermis | Outer most layer of skin |
The Epidermis is composed of? | Epithelial cells |
Epithelial cells reproduce by? | Mitosis |
Epithelial cells reproduce at the rate of? | 30,000/day |
Keratinization | The process by which newer epithelial cells push upwards (to the surface) where they slowly necrose |
Skin sloughing helps? | Rid the body of pathogens |
Dermis /Corium | 2nd layer of skin |
The Dermis/Corium consists of? | Connective tissue - Collagenous & elastin fibers |
Collagen functions | To bind the skin cells together |
Embedded in the Dermis/Corium are? | 1.Blood vessels 2.Nerves 3.Lymph vessels 4.Hair follicles 5.Sebaceous glands -oil 6.Sudoriferous glands -sweat |
Sweat is released through? | Ossa - called sudoriferous pores |
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous | 3rd layer of skin |
Subcutaneous abbreviation | subQ subCU |
The subcutaneous/hypodermis consists mainly of? | Adipose tissue - fat |
The Hypodermis/subQ attaches? | The dermis/corium to the underlying muscles |
Fascia | Connective fibrous tissue found through out the body |
Callus (calluses)-pl | Thickend skin caused by excessive amount of abrasion or friction |
Skin pigmentation is caused by? | Melanin |
Albinism | A genetic mutation causing an absence of melanin |
Dilation of the blood vessels in the dermis cause? | 1.Erythroderma
2.Erythema
3.Rubeosis |
Causes of Erythema include? | 1.Pyrexia -fever
2.Hypertension (HTN)
3.Inflammation
4.Blushing |
Cyanosis/Cyanotic | A bluish condition caused by:
1.Hypoxia (lack of O2)
2.Hypothermia (cold) |
Xanthroderma AKA | Jaundic
Icterus (kericterus) |
Xanthroderma | A yellowish/orange discoloration of the skin or sclerae |
Xanthroderma is caused by? | Excessive hemolysis, erythrocytosis or hyperbilirubinemia |
Hair is a characteristic of? | Mammals |
On humans hair can be found everywhere -except: | Palms,soles,glans penis |
Each hair is composed of | 1. shaft (visible portion)
2. root (found in the epidermal tube)
3. follicle (where mitosis/growth occures) |
The average human produces ? hair per/year | 7 miles |
Arrector Pili muscle | A muscle which causes the hair shaft to stand on end - attached to the root |
Alopecia | Hair loss |
Genetics control hair | Color, texture, loss |
Nail body | The visable portion of the nail |
Nail bed | The surface on which the nail grows |
Eponychium | Cutical |
Onychocryptosis | Ingrown or hidden nail |
Onychmycosis | Nail fungus |
Paronychia | Inflammation adjacent to the nail |
Cicatrix / Cicatrices -pl | Scar(s) |
Keloid | Exaggerated of hypertrophied scar |
Ulcer | An erosion (wearing away) of the skin or mucous membrane |
Decubitus ulcer | Bedsore or pressure sore |
Decubitus ulcers commonly occur where? | Pressure points such as:
1.Coccyx (tailbone)
2.Calcanei (heel bone)
3.Olecranos (elbows)
4.Scapulae (shoulder bones)
5.Occipital bone (posterior cranium)
6.Pelvis (ilia & Ischia) |
Ecchymosis /Ecchymotic | Black, blue marks caused by bleeding under the skin -also called Hematoma, contusion, bruise |
Edema / Edematous | Tissue swelling caused by fluid |
Pitted Edema | Fluid accumilation where indentions occure after light palpation |
Eschar(otic) | Necotic tissue caused by burn |
Macule / macular | Pertaining to; flat usually erthematous skin |
Papule /papular | Pertaining to; a raised skin lesion less than <1cm |
Nodule /nodular | Pertaing to; a raised skin lesion greater than >1cm |
Nevus / nevi | Mole or birthmark |
Petechia(e) | Pinpoint skin hemorrhage |
Purpura | A combination of Ecchymosis and petechiae (red/black/blue marks) |
Pustule / pustular | Pertaing to; a papule (<1cm) filled with pus |
Abscess / abscesses | Collection of pus |
Verruca(e) | Wart(s) |
Pallor | Paleness |
Vesicle / blister | Raised lesion filled w/clear liquid |
Bulla | Vesicle greater >1cm |
Bleb | Vesicle less <1cm |
Abrasion | Mechanical superficial damage to the skin (scrape) |
Excoriation | Chemical superficial damage to the skin diaper rash) |
Cellulitis / dermititis | Inflammation of skin cells |
Urticaria | Hives/Wheals - an indication of allergic reaction |
Cyst | A lump of thickining of skin |
Furuncle | Boil - an infection of a hair follicle & adjacent tissue |
Gangrene / gangrenous | Putrefaction (rot) - caused by tissue necrosis & microbial perliferation |
Laceration | Tissue that is cut, torn, or ripped |
Avulsion | Tearing of any part of the body, away from the whole |
Xeroderma | Dry skin |
Ichthyosis | Dry, scaly skin |
Crustation(s) | Scab(s) |
Vitiligo | Localized loss of skin pigmenation - characterized by milk-white patch's |
Carbuncle | A cluster of Furuncles (hair follicles) |