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IP6 Parasit Mucosofl
Mucosoflagellates and Hemoflagellates table
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 5 Mucosoflagellates? | Tritrichomonas foetus, trichomonas gallinae, Histomonas meleagridis, Giardia spp. |
| Where do mucosoflagellates normally live (2)? | GIT, genital tract and intimately attached to mucus membranes |
| How are the mucosoflagellates transmitted (stage)? routes?(2) | feces or genital effluvia; transmittted as trophozoites or cysts |
| Trichomonas gallinae Life cyle: 3 ways it can be transmitted | Always Direct 1. parent to baby in crop milk 2. contaminated water or food in domestic fowl 3. ingestion of infected birds by hawks |
| DH of Trichomonas gallinae? Infection site? | DH=domestic fowl, pigeons,doves, hawks. Infection site=upper GIT and liver (secondary) |
| What signs and pathogenic lesions would you see with Trichomonas gallinae ? | caseous necrosis in mouth, esophagus, crop and liver, "yellow buttons" in esophagus and crop; rapid weight loss death |
| Common names for Trichomonas gallinae ? | Canker/frounce |
| T/F Trichomonas gallinae has a cyst stage? | False |
| What is the best way to control Trichomonas gallinae ? | keep infected birds separated from healthy, breeding birds to preven water/food contamination. |
| How is T. foetus in cattle transmitted? | Direct; venereal |
| DH of T. foetus? | Cattle or Cats |
| Where is the infection site of T. foetus in cattle? | reproductive tract of bulls & cows |
| Describe signs/pathogenesis of T foetus in cattle? | Infertility, early embryonic death, abortion; pyometra |
| T/F bulls with T. foetus are asymptomatic? | True |
| A farmer approaches you and says he has had to do repeated breedings and has a spread out calf crop. Etiologic agen? | T. foetus |
| T/F T. foetus has a cyst stage? | False |
| T/F cows can be cured of T. foetus wiwth rest but bulls are permanently infected? | True |
| T/F there is no effective drug approved for cattle treatment of T. foetus? | true |
| What would you suggest be done before breeding a bull if you are worried about T. foetus (3)? | 1. culture the bull before breeding (3 weekly tests) 2. Use young bulls-less likely to have it 3. Use AI b/c T. foetus doesn't live in sperm |
| Once sperm is collected from a bull how can you treat it to ensure it doesn't have T. foetus? | 1. Dimetrinidazole can eliminate it from serum sample. 2. Heat and drying kills T. foetus (but probably kills sperm too) |
| t/f cows infected with T. foetus will have long term immunity? | False-cows can be re-infected and some can't clear and will remain a source of infection. |
| T/F freezing T. foetus will kill it | FAlse! |
| How is T. foetus transfered b/t cats? | Direct: fecal/oral |
| Infection site of T. foetus in cats? signs and pathogenesis? | Large intestine, refractory diarrhea |
| What is the major risk factor for a cat to get T. foetus? | densly housed cats |
| T/F there is a cyst stage for t. foetus in cats? | False |
| Is the LC of Histomonas meleagridis direct or indirect? | Indirect |
| What are the IH, PH and DH of Histomonas meleagridis? | IH=cecal worm (Heterakis) PH=earthworm DH=Gallinaceous birds (turkey, chicken, pheasants) |
| Infection site of Histomonas meleagridis? | Cecum and Liver |
| Signs/Path of Histomonas meleagridis? | target-like lesions in cecum and liver (pathognomonic); cecal wall thickening, typhilitis; ulcerations; droopy ruffled feathers, yellowish diarrheal |
| What is the common name for Histomonas meleagridis? What species is the most sensitive to it? | Blackhead; High fatality rate in turkeys; less in chickens |
| What are the 3 main control strategies for Histomonas meleagridis? | 1. minimize exposure of birds to cecal worms/deworm birds regularly 2. don't co-mingle bird species 3. don't raise turkeys on grounds previously used for chickens |
| LC of giardia is direct/indirect? | Direct-->fecal/oral |
| What is the DH of Giardia? | wide-range of mammals; birds and amphibians |
| Infection site of Giardia? | Small intestine-attaches to brush border & inhabits mucosal surfaces |
| Symptoms of Giardia? | asymptomatic-->chronic diarrhea with pale feces, greasy and mixed with mucus, weight loss |
| What is the common name for Giardia? is it zoonotic? | Bever Fever; Yes Giardia is zoonotic |
| This is the fragile feeding stage of Giardia? | Trophozoite (can't live in environment) |
| This is the dormant, resistant infective stage of Giardia? | Cyst stage |
| T/F albendazole is the drug of choice for use in dogs/cats to treat Giardia? | False! Albendazole causes Bone Marrow failure in dogs/cats |
| What 2 drugs can be used to treat dogs/cats with Giardia? | Fenbendazole with Metronidazole |
| What are 4 things you can do to control giardia? | 1.Disinfect with bleach & boil water 2. Keep haircoat of puppies/kittens clean-remove feces daily 3. vaccine recommended for kennels only 4. remove feces from yard, contaminated for 1 month |
| What type of LC does Trypanosoma cruzi have? | Indirect; Kissing bug is IH |
| DH of T. cruzi? Reservoir host? | DH: dogs, cats, humans Res: opossums, armadillos, raccoons |
| What cells do amastagotes of T. cruzi infect? | reticulo-endothelial and neural cells, cardiac and smooth muscle cells |
| T. cruzi amastagotes change into ________ in the blood? They are often difficult to find | trypomastigotes |
| What are the signs/pathogen of T. cruzi in dogs? | Cardiac problems such as congestive heart failure, enlarged spleen, liver and LN |
| T/F dogs have mega-syndromes like humans (T. cruzi) | False |
| Common names for T. cruzi? | chagas Dz,American trypanomiasis |
| T/F t. cruzi is zoonotic? | true |
| How is a dog infected by T. cruzi? | infected by rubbing feces defecated by kissing bug into the bite, licking infected bug feces; ingesting infective bug; ingesting infected tissues (also blood transfusion/congential-thesea are rare) |
| Trypanosoma equiperdum has a direct/indirect LC? | Direct |
| How is T. equiperidum transmited? | Venereal |
| DH of T. equiperidum? | Equids: horse, donkey mule |
| Site of T. equiperidum infection? | Repro tract |
| Signs of a T. equiperidum infection in a stallion? | swelling & edema of penis, scrotum & prepuce with purulent urethral discharge |
| Signs of T. equiperidum infection in mare? | edema of vulva & profuse fluid discharge from vagina |
| What are the pathognomonic lesions of T. equiperidum? | silver dollar plaques-raised plaques on ventral abdomen |
| What would you expect to see in the chronic stage of T. equiperidum pathogenetis? | wasting, paralysis and death if not treated |
| common name for T. equiperidum? | Dourine |
| T/F T. equiperidum has been eradicated from the US? | True=reportable dz |
| T/F Leshmania is considered to have both a direct & indirect LC? | true |
| What is the IH of Leshmania? | sandfly |
| In the US (dogs) is Leishmania considered to be direct or indirect? | Direct-no sandfly transmission has been proven |
| How is Leishmania transmitted in dogs? | direct contact with blood/secretions, transplacental, transmammary |
| DH of Leishmania (2)? | dogs/humans |
| Where is the amastagote site of Leishmania found? | in macrophages of hosts |
| where is the promastigote stage found? | in the sandfly ( amastagotes->promastagotes and multiply in number) |
| Signs of Leishmania? | Asymptomatic->mild & self limiting->systemic & fatal; often see skin dz in dogs with exfoliative dermatitis, abnormal toenail growth, ulcerative dermatitis on extremities; seborrhea, chronic wasting dz, weakness |
| T/F Leishmania is zoonotic dz? | true |
| What is the name of the causative agent of Leishamaniosis in the US? | leishmania infantum (L. chagasi)->visceral form |
| Describe treatment and outcome of Leishmaniasis? | long-term treatment needed and relapses are common, expensive and many drugs have toxic side-effects, cure is unlikely |
Created by:
rccola19
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