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IP6 S.Path Respir L2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EHV-1, EHV-4) | EHV-1 causes abortion in mares EHV-4 causes mild respiratory dz in foals and young horses (nasal mucosa and lungs) unless it is complicated by a secondary infection |
| Pathology of Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EHV) | enters aerogenously->usually transient but can be latent in trigeminal ganglia neurons and reactivates in stress and shedding will cause infection of naive animals |
| this is a highly contageous,self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection in young horses. High morbidity, low mortality | Equine influenza virus (MC type A) |
| Highly contageous dz of young horses caused by Streptoccocus equi. | Strangles |
| What are the clinical signs of strangles? | suppuritive rhinits and lymphadenitis (snot and swollen mandibular or retropharyngeal LN), occasional dissemination to other internal organs like |
| How is infection with Strep equi transmitted? | inhalation of bacteria (is not normal nasal flora) |
| What are 3 main sequela to Strangles? | 1. bronchopneumonia, extension into paranasal sinuses and guttural pouches, laryngeal hemiplegia, facial paralysis, purpura hemorrhagica |
| nasal infection in eq, bo, dog, cat that results in granulomas of the nasal cavity that may be large enough to resemble neoplasm. Caused by an acquatic protistan. | Rhinosporidum seeberi |
| this is a transient febrile dz with hyperemia and necrosis of nasal,pharyngeal, laryngeal, trancheal and sometimes bronchial mucosa. Secondary infections caue formation of fibrinonecrotic material in airways. | Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV-1) |
| Are secondary infections common post infection with Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV-1)? | Yes! they predispose the animal to bacterial pneumonia (cattle), (bronchopneumonia) |
| Are there latent infections with BHV-1 | Yes. latent infections in peripheral ganglia neurons that reactivate due to stress or immunosuppression |
| A bronchopneumonia CB a 2ndary infection would probably be _____________ located in the lung | cranioventrally, if you inhale the exudate from lungs etc. |
| Fly deposits first stage larvae in nasal cavity of sheep and subsequent larval stages live in nasal cavity and sinuses. Larvae cause irritation inflammation and obstruction of airways. Name of fly? | Oestrus ovis (sheep nasal bots) |
| dz CB porcine cytomegalovirus, has high morbidity, low mortality in pigs less than 5 weeks . Infects nasal epithelium and causes mild rhinitis | Inclusion body rhinitis |
| inflam of nasal turbinates results in sneezing, coughing & nasal discharge. Deviation of nasal septum/facial deformity in severe cases | Atrophic rhinitis |
| Etiology of Atrophic rhinitis? (2) | Combo infection with: Bordatella brontiseptica & Pasteurella multocida cause inhibition of osteoblastsand promote osteoclast activity->atrophy of nasal turbinates |
| T/F the severity of atrophy of nasal turbinates doesn't correspond directly to clinical signs or pneumonia | True |
| What 4 viral dzs can cause rhinitis? | CDV, CAV-2, canine parainfluenza virus 2, canine influenza virus, also 2ndary bacterial infections can cause rhinitis |
| what is the MC cause of Mycotic rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs? | Aspergillus sp. |
| inflam of nasal turbinates results in sneezing, coughing & nasal discharge. Deviation of nasal septum/facial deformity in severe cases | Atrophic rhinitis |
| Etiology of Atrophic rhinitis? (2) | Combo infection with: Bordatella brontiseptica & Pasteurella multocida cause inhibition of osteoblastsand promote osteoclast activity->atrophy of nasal turbinates |
| T/F the severity of atrophy of nasal turbinates doesn't correspond directly to clinical signs or pneumonia | True |
| What 4 viral dzs can cause rhinitis? | CDV, CAV-2, canine parainfluenza virus 2, canine influenza virus, also 2ndary bacterial infections can cause rhinitis |
| what is the MC cause of Mycotic rhinitis and sinusitis in dogs? | Aspergillus sp. |
| Cause of sporadic granulomatous rhinitis | Rhinosporidium seeberi |
| V in cats that infects nasal->tracheal epithelium and causes necrosis, exfoliation of cells, suppurative rhinits and conjunctivitis and predispose to 2ndary bacterial infections | Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FHV-1) |
| Does Feline viral rhinotracheitis (FHV-1) cause latent infections? | Y, infects peripheral ganglia neurons, recovered animals can shed following stress or other stimulus |
| ****is a common cause of ulcerative keratitis in cats? | Feline viral rhinotracheitis |
| Cat virus that results in rhinitis, conjunctivitis, gingivitis, stomatitis. Arthritis and transient lameness may occur. may also cause interstitial pneumona and necrotizing bronchiolitis. Usually transiet but 2nd is common | feline Calicivirus (FCV) |
| ******What 2 viruses account for 80% of all feline upper respiratory dz? | feline calicivirus (FCV), feline viral rhinotracheitis (FHV-1) |
| What does Chlamydophila felis cause? | persistent respiratory infection (rhinitis) and conjunctivitis. |
| Clusters of tumors in the ethmoturbinate region in sheep caused by a retrovirus? | adenocarcinomas |
| What does Mycoplasma felis cause? | upper respiratory infections and conjunctivitis |
| larynx and trachea are lined by what kind of epithelium? | ciliated collumnar epithelium with goblet cells, respond to injury just like nasal cavity |
| Most common fungal infection in feline nasal cavity (granulomatous infalmmation) | Cryptococcus neoformans |
| pharynx and part of larynx lined by? respond to injury like? | squamous epithelium, oral mucosa |
| MC neoplasia in dogs? | carcinomas |
| respiratory compromise CB excessive length of soft palate and stenotic external nares (bulldogs, pugs, velcro) | brachycephalic airway syndrome |
| ______ is MC metastatic neoplasm in nasal cavity | lymphosarcoma |
| condition occurs in toy and mini dogs as well as horses. dogs have D-V flattening of trachea and widening of dorsal tracheal membrane down the length of the trachea | tracheal collapse |
| MC nasal cavity cancer in horse? | squamous cell carcinoma |
| Is tracheal collapse of a horse CB D-V flattening? | NO, lateral compression mc |
| Clusters of tumors in the ethmoturbinate region in sheep caused by a retrovirus? | adenocarcinomas |
| larynx and tracheal are lined by what kind of epithelium? | ciliated collumnar epithelium with goblet cells, respond to injury just like nasal cavity |
| pharynx and part of larynx lined by? respond to injury like? | squamous epithelium, oral mucosa |
| respiratory compromise CB excessive length of soft palate and stenotic external nares (bulldogs, pugs, velcro) | brachycephalic airway syndrome |
| condition occurs in toy and mini dogs as well as horses. dogs have D-V flattening of trachea and widening of dorsal tracheal membrane down the length of the trachea | tracheal collapse |
| Is tracheal collapse of a horse CB D-V flattening? | NO, lateral compression mc |
| condition is caused by abnormally functioning cricoarytendoideus dorsalis Mm which fails to abduct arytenoid cartilage | Laryngeal paralysis |
| In the horse laryngeal paralysis is known as? does it occur on inspiration/expiration? what side does it normally occur on? | Roaring, inspiration, Left side usually due to damage of recurrent laryngeal N or swelling of LN |
| In dogs, laryngeal paralysis results in inadequate _______, resulting in heat and exercise intolerance, incr chance of ______ _______. | laryngeal paralysis causes dec. ventilation and inc chance of aspiration pneumonia b/c lack of protection while swallowing. |
| How do you treat laryngeal paralysis? | surgery |
| highly contagious canine dz characterized by cough and may include rhinitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, conjunctivits and pneumonia in addn to tracheitis and bronchitis | Canine Infectious tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) |
| etiology of kennel cough? | bordatella bronchoseptica, CAD-2 and canine parainfluenza 2 are possible pathogens |
| Viral infections in absence of bacteria usualy result in necrosis of epthlium of trachea/bronchi and _____ form of dz | milder |
| Occurs when diverticula of auditory tubes are poorly drained in horses? | Inflammation of guttural pouches |
| MC pathogen of inflamed guttural pouches is? 2nd? | MC=Aspergillus, also strep equi |
| infection of the oral cavity and larynx of cattle with Fusobacterium necrophorum. Casuses fibrinonecrotic exudate and ulcerated mucoa | Necrotic laryngitis |
Created by:
rccola19
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