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IP6 S.Path Respir L1
Respiratory System L1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What structures are in the conducting system? | goes from the nasal cavity-->intrapulmonary bronchi |
| What is in the transitional system? | bronchii (primary, secondary, tertiary), clara cells. (cuboidal epith) |
| What makes up the gas exchange system? | alveolar ducts and alveoli |
| what are alveoli lined by? | type 1&2 pneumonocytes |
| Particles larger that 2um are usually cleared how? | trapped in conducting system-->moved out via mucocilliary escalator-->cough or sneeze out (IgA, M cells, BALT) |
| How are bacteria and viruses less than 2um cleared? | they get into the gas exchange area-->phagocytosed by alveolar macs. Also surfactant, clara cells, lysozme, interferon, IgG help to clear |
| What cells are the 1st line of pulmonary defense against organic and inorganic particles? | pulmonary Macs |
| In ruminants, cats,pigs and horses _____ ______ macrophages (not kupffer cells) primarily remove circulating bacteria, endotoxin and particles from blood | pulmonary intravascular macs (only kuppffer cells in the dog) |
| These 2 cell types act as defense against injury from inhaled gasses and toxic metabolites in the blood | alvolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells |
| congenital anomaly in dogs causing defect in MT in cilia which cause the failure of mucociliary transport? | ciliary dyskinesia |
| what is the sequela to ciliary dyskinesia? | pneumonia |
| What are 3 ways viral infections predispose an animmal to dz? | 1. dec. mucociliary clearance 2. dec. alveolar mac function 3. immunosuppression |
| Name 3 bovine viruses that decrease pulmonary defense mechansims? | BRSV, BVDV,PI3, IBR |
| What are the 5 basic responses to respiratory injury? | epithelial regression, epi hyperplasia, ep metaplasia, fibrosis, neoplasia |
| If the conducting system is injured by virus (acute) or toxic gas, how would the epithelium respond? | injury to CS->non-ciliated cells move in and multiply->differentiate into epithelial cells |
| If the CS was injured by a gas or virus and it was a chronic exposure what would you expect to see? | gobblet cell hyperplasia, inc mucuous, dec clearance of mucus. And if very severe you could see metaplaia &/or fibrosis |
| What type of cells are important for repair in the transitional system (bronchioles) | Clara cells |
| what cells are responsible for repair in the Gas Exchange system? | the type 2 pneumocytes will go thru mitosis and can then either differentiate to type 1 or stay type 2 |
| What is fetalization? | hyperplasia of type 2 pneumocytes, occurs as response to GES injury |
| What should normal lungs look like? | pink, soft, spongy, should collapse when pressure released |
| If a pathogen such as P. multocia entered the lungs via an AEROGENOUS route, what type of distribution would you expect to see in the lungs | cranioventral |
| If a pathogen enters the lungs via a HEMOTOGENOUS route, what distribution would you expect to see in the lungs? | multifocal, embolic pneumonia |
| what would cause a direct extension wound? | when foreign material peirces lungs (hardware dz, plant awns, etc), lesion would be focal |
| _________ sporadically occurs in the nasal cavity of horses due to a deposit of _____ in nasal mucosa. Large masses can cause difficulty breathing, epistaxis and dec. performance | Amyloidosis, amyloid |
| ______ &______ are often accompanied by nasal discharge. They occur 2ndary to virus, bacteria, fungi, irritant gases, environmental change and immunosuppression, trauma, stress, and allergic rxns | rhinitis and sinusitis |
Created by:
rccola19
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