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Parasit: Ticks Exam1
Flashcards about geography, hosts, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| tick developmental stages | egg -> larva -> nymph (hard: 1 stage, soft: multiple) -> adult |
| adult ticks: # pairs of legs | 4 |
| nymph ticks: # pairs of legs | 4 |
| tick larvae: # pairs of legs | 3 |
| hard tick: family | ixodidae |
| metastriata | anal groove is posterior to anal opening |
| prostriata | anal groove is anterior to anal opening; only Ixodes genus |
| hard tick: mouthparts | anterior; attached to basis capitulum; palps are 3 segmented & may be long or short |
| hard tick: hypostome | ventral; barbed, used for attachment |
| hard tick: scutum | hard shield posterior to basis capitulum; in males covers entire dorsal surface; in females covers only anterior portion of idiosoma |
| hard tick: festoons | sclerotized areas separated by grooves on dorsal, posterior aspect of some species; indistinguishable in engorged females |
| hard tick: # hosts | 1, 2, or 3 |
| hard tick: feeding length | 4-7 day sfor immature; 10-14 days for adults |
| hard tick: eggs | 1 batch produced; eggs laid in environment |
| hard tick: one-host life cycle | larva, nymph, adult feed on same host; fully engorged female drops off host to deposit eggs on ground |
| multivoltine | hard ticks, 1 host; "more than one generation per year" |
| hard tick: two-host | larva/nymph feed on same host; adult tick feeds on separate host; not in US |
| univoltine | hard ticks, 2 host and 3 host; "one generation per year" |
| hard tick: 3 host | larva, nymph, adult on different hosts, usually diff't species; several days to weeks req'd to engorge at each stage; usually univoltine |
| Amblyomma americanum: geography | TX through oklahoma, kansas, & missouri eastward |
| Amblyomma americanum: hosts | 3-host; larva: birds, rodents; nymphs: birds, rodents, cattle, white tailed deer, cold blooded vertebrates; adults: cattle, man, horses, sheep, dogs, cats, white tailed deer |
| Amblyomma americanum: activity year-round | active if temperatures are above 50F; adults/nymphs overwinter in ground litter |
| Amblyomma americanum: where do they feed? | all over body; near eyes, dewlap, udder, axillary region, perineal region; no preferred feeding site on host |
| Amblyomma variegatum: geography | africa, south america, caribbean islands (not in continental US) |
| Amblyomma variegatum: hosts | 3 host; larva/nymph: birds; adults: cattle, other ruminants |
| Amblyomma cajennense: geography | south texas to south america |
| Amblyomma cajennense: hosts | prefers larger hosts but is not specific; 3 host; immature: bird, coyote, raccoon, man; adult: horse, cattle, dogs, javelina, swine, deer, sheep, goats |
| Amblyomma cajennense: activity year-round | march to may |
| Amblyomma maculatum: geography | gulf & atlantic coasts as far inland as kansas |
| Amblyomma maculatum: hosts | 3 host; larvae: quail, meadow larks, grasshopper sparrows (dec-feb); nymph: birds (feb-apr), sm mammals; adult: cattle, horses, deer (aug-sept) |
| Amblyomma maculatum: where do they feed? | on the pinna of the ear of large mammalian hosts |
| Amblyomma maculatum: treatment | pyrethroid ear tags |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus: host | 1 host; mostly cattle, but will feed on white tailed deer |
| Rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus: parasitic period | 21 days |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus: geography | formerly extant south of mason-dixon line and S california; eradicated from US; still in mexico, s/central america, middle east, west/central africa, southeastern europe |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus: where do they feed? | axilla, udder/scrotum, head, neck, tail, escutcheon, anywhere else |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: host | one host; normally cattle, will feed on deer; does better on alternate hosts than B. annulatus |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: parasitic period | 21 days |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: geography | formerly S FL, S TX; eradicated from US, still in mexico through s america, africa, SE Asia, australia |
| Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus: life cycle | similar to R> annulatus, but less cold tolerant off host |
| Rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus/microplus: eradication | both eradicated from US; still in mexico & acaricide resistant ticks have been produced; cattle behind quarantine line (US-Mexico border) must be dipped & inspected to leave quarantine zone |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: geography | urban tick in N America; introduced into US in early 20th century |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: host | 3 host; all stages feed almost exclusively on dogs in N america; in africa feeds on cattle & other hosts |
| Rhipicephalus sanguineus: generations/yr | multivoltine |
| Rhipicephalus decoloratus: geography | continental africa, S of Sahara, India, Yemen |
| Rhipicephalus decoloratus: host | sheep, cattle, coats, horses, rarely humans, antelopes |
| Rhipicephalus appendiculatus: geography | E & Central africa |
| Dermacentor albipictus: geography | much of US, canada, and N mexico; dimorphism between TX & northern areas; west of Balcones escarpment from NE to SW (Interstate 35) in TX |
| Dermacentor albipictus: host | one host; deer, cattle, horses |
| Dermacentor albipictus: activity year-round | active october to march; peak in november/december |
| Dermacentor albipictus: where does it feed? | axillary regions, escutcheon, flanks, dewlap |
| Dermacentor andersoni: geography | rocky mountain area, great basin, black hills |
| Dermacentor andersoni: host | 3 host; immatures: small mammals; adults: deer, cattle, horses, man |
| Dermacentor andersoni: activity year-round | most active in spring |
| Dermacentor variablis: geography | eastern 2/3 of US (incl TX), as well as washington, oregon, california |
| Dermacentor variablis: host | 3 host; immature: small mammals; adults: dogs, bobcats, ocelots, man, immature large mammals |
| Dermacentor occidentalis: host | 3 host; adults are only stage that normally feeds on horses/cattle |
| Dermacentor occidentalis: geography | along pacific coast of CA & Oregon |
| Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens: geography | south & central america; lower rio grande valley in TX, southern FL |
| Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens: host | 1 host; horses; will occasionally feed on cattle, sheep, goats, deer |
| Dermacentor (Anocentor) nitens: parasitic life | 26 day / rapid buildup of population |
| Dermacentor (anocentor) nitens: where does it attach? | ear tick; will feed uner mane, tail |
| Ixodes: distinguishing feature | anal groove in front of anus and extends to anterior like an arch |
| Ixodes scapularis: geography | eastern US incl eastern TX |
| Ixodes scapularis: host | 3 host; immatures: birds, lizards, small mammals, humans; adults: deer, cattle, sheep, horses |
| Ixodes scapularis: life cycle | takes 2 years to complete |
| Ixodes scapularis: where does it attach? | body |
| Ixodes scapularis: activity year-round | active winter & spring; active in cooler weather |
| Ixodes pacificus: geography | pacific coast |
| Haemaphysalis leporispalustrus: host | 3 host; immatures: small rodents, birds; adults: usually rabbits, occasionally cats |
| Haemaphysalis leporispalustrus: where does it attach? | around the eyes & ears |
| soft ticks: feeding habits | intermittent feeds; many can live for years without feeding; leave host after each feeding (except Otobius megnini); spends only a few minutes to several hours on the host |
| soft ticks: life cycle | numerous nymphal stages; several molts following successive blood meals; multiple molts w/in a stage; adults feed numerous times w/o molting; femal needs blood meal before laying each egg batch |
| Otobius megnini: geography | southwestern US |
| Otobius megnini: host | aberrant one-host tick; cattle, horses, dogs, cats, sheep, etc |
| Otobius megnini: where does it attach? | only tick species found deep in ear canal |
| Otobius megnini: life cycle | only larval/nymph stages are parasitic; 2nd stage nymph detaches & molts on ground; adults do not feed, mate off host |
| Argas persicus: host | chickens & other poultry, occasionally feed on other hosts |
| Argas persicus: feeding habits | feed at night, usually only a few at a time |
| Argas persicus: treatment | necessary to treat nest & bedding areas; not birds |
| Ornithodorus spp: geography | western US, incl TX |
| Ornithodorus spp: host | live off hosts in soil & sheltered areas (rodent burrows, caves, wood piles, under houses, barns); bats, birds, rodents, humans, pets, livestock |
Created by:
shelbell8389
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