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RESPIRATORY
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PNEUMOTHORAX | FREE AIR IN THE THORACIC CAVITY |
| ATEECTASIS | COLLAPSED LUNGS |
| PLEURITIS(PLEURISY) | INFLAMMATION OF THE PLEURAL MEMBRANES |
| PNEUMONIA | INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS CAUSED PRIMARILY BY BACTERIA, VIRUSES, OR CHEMICAL IRRITANTS |
| EUPNEA | NORMAL, QUIET IRRITANTS |
| DYSPNEA | DIFFICULT BREATHING |
| APNEA | NO BREATHING |
| TYPES OF RESPIRATION | EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL |
| EXTERNAL RESPIRATION | OCCURS IN THE LUNGS, EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE AIR INHALED INTO THE LUNGS AND THE BLOOD FLOWING THROUGH THE PULMONARY (LUNG) CAPILLARIES |
| INTERNAL RESPIRATION | OCCURS ALL OVER THE BODY. IT IS THE EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE CAPILLARIES ALL OVER THE BODY (THE SYSTEMIC CAPILLARIES) AN ALL OF THE CELLS AND TISSUES OF THE BODY |
| UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT | NOSTRILS, NASAL PASSAGES, PHARYNX, LARYNX, TRACHEA |
| LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT | BRONCHI, BRONCHIOLES, ALVEOLAR DUCTS, ALVEOLI |
| NASAL CAVITIES | THE FIRST STRUCTURE IN THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IS THE NOSTRILS OR NARES (EXTERNAL OPENING) |
| THE NASAL CAVITIES ARE LINED | WITH A MUCUS MEMBRANE |
| THE NASAL CAVITIES | HOUSE THE TURBINATE BONES |
| THE NASAL CAVITIES | AIR IS WARMED BY CAPILLARIES, MOISTENED AND FILTERED |
| PHARYNX | THE COMMON PASSAGEWAY FOR BOTH THE RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEMS |
| ROSTRAL PORTION OF THE PHARYNX | IS DIVIDED BY THE SOFT PALATE INTO A DORSAL NASOPHARYNX AND VENTRAL OROPHARYNX |
| CAUDAL PORTION OF PHARYNX | OPENS DORSALLY INTO THE ESOPHAGUS (DIGESTIVE PASSAGEWAY) AND VENTERALLY INTO THE LARYNX (RESPIRATORY PASSAGEWAY) |
| LARYNX | CONNECTS THE PHARYNX (THROAT) WITH THE TRACHEA |
| GLOTTIS | THE OPENING INTO THE LARYNX |
| LARYNX | CONSISTS OF CARTILAGE (THYROID, CRICOID, ARYTENOIDS, EPIGLOTTIS |
| EPIGLOTTIS | COVERS THE GLOTTIS DURING SWALLOWING |
| VOCAL CORDS ATTACH TO THE | ARYTENOID CARTILAGE |
| TRACHEA | CONSISTS OF NONCOLLAPSIBLE "C" SHAPED CARTILAGINOUS RINGS |
| TRACHEA | LINED WITH CILLIATED COLUMNAR CELLS |
| DIVIDED INTO BRONCHI AT THE TRACHEAL BIFURCATION | TRACHEA |
| BRONCHI | RIGHT AND LEFT CARTILAGINOUS BRONCHI ENTER THE LUNGS |
| BRONCHI | PASSAGEWAYS BECOME PROGRESSIVELY SMALLER AND THE AMOUNT OF CARTILAGE DIMINISHES |
| BRONCHIOLES | CONSISTS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE, NO CARTILAGE; LEAD TO THE ALVEOLI |
| LUNGS | VARYING NUMBER OF LOBES DEPENDING ON SPECIES, COVERED WITH VISCERAL PLEURA, |
| LUNGS | HOUSE MICROSCOPIC AIR SACS KNOWN AS ALVEOLI, WHERE OXYGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE TAKE PLACE. |
| VENTILATION | THE MOVEMENT OF AIR BETWEEN THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE LUNGS |
| EXTERNAL RESPIRATION | EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE ALVEOLI AND THE BLOOD |
| INTERNAL RESPIRATION | EXCHANGE OF GASES BETWEEN THE BLOOD AND THE CELLS |
| INSPIRATION | A NERVOUS IMPULSE FROM THE BRAIN CAUSES THE DIAPHRAGM AND EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES TO CONTRACT |
| INSPIRATION | DIAPHRAGM MOVE CAUDALLY AND THE CHEST MOVES VENTRALLY; THEREFORE THE SIZE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY IS INCREASED, WHICH DECREASES INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE AND INTRAALVEOLAR PRESSURE |
| BECAUSE THE INTRAALVEOLAR PRESSURE IS NOW LESS THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AIR MOVES INTO THE LUNGS | INSPIRATION |
| EXPIRATION | DIAPHRAGM AND EXTERNAL INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES RELAX; DIAPHRAGM MOVES CRANIALLY AND THE CHEST MOVES DORSALLY; THIS DECREASES THE SIZE OF THE THORACIC CAVITY, WHICH NCREASES INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE AND INTRAAVEOLAR PRESSURE |
| BECAUSE INTRAALVEOLAR PRESSURE IS NOW GREATER THAN ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, AIR MOVES OUT OF THE LUNGS. | EXPIRATION |
| TIDAL VOLUME | THE VOLUME OF AIR EXCHANGED DURING NORMAL BREATHING |
| INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME | THE AMOUNT OF AIR INSPIRED OVER THE TIDAL VOLUME |
| EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME | THE AMOUNT OF AIR EXPIRED OVER THE TIDAL VOLUME |
| DEAD SPACE | AIR IN THE PATHWAYS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM |
| CONTROL OF RESPIRATION | MEDULLARY RHYTHMICITY CENTER IN THE MEDULLA OBLONGATA, A REGION THAT HAS INSPIRATORY AND EXPIRATORY NEURONS, APNEUSTIC AREA IN THE PONS, WHICH PROLONGS INSPIRATION; PNEUMOTAXIC AREA IN THE PONS, WHICH INHIBITS THE APNEUSTIC AREA AND CAUSES EXPIRATION |
| HERING-BREUER REFLEX | STRETCH RECEPTORS IN THE LUNGS THAT PREVENT THE LUNGS FROM OVER INFLATING |
| CARBON DIOXIDE | AN INCREASE IN CARBON DIOXIDE CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE RESPIRATORY RATE |
| OTHER FACTORS MAY AFFECT THE RATE OF RESPIRATION | PAIN,COLD, BLOOD PRESSURE, PH, OXYGEN, STRESS. |
Created by:
JODY84
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