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vet 2005
midterm review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does AALAS stand for | american association for laboratory animal science |
| Who established a certification program that certifies 3 levels of animal technicians | AALAS |
| all research facilities and teaching institutions are registered by what | the USDA |
| a technician does not need to graduate from an AVMA accredited program to be eligible for certification to be a lab animal technician (true/false) | true |
| what is the most common health condition that affects people working in a research animal facility | laboratory animal allergy |
| what percentage of people working in animal research will develop allergy symptoms | 10-30% |
| a hypersensitivity to certain substances, such as the proteins found in dander, urine, serum, and saliva is what | laboratory animal allergy |
| rhinitis, conjunctivitis, contact urticaria, asthma, and anaphylaxis are signs of what | laboratory animal allergy |
| this is mandated by the animal welfare act, it provides info for improved animal care in research ,teaching, testing, and exhibition | animal welfare information center |
| this is regulated by federal law, oversees all research facilities, enforces protocols- research facilities must prove that animals are absolutely needed for the studies | institute of animal care and use committee |
| how many categories of animal use are there | 5 |
| what is the first category of animal use | animal holding |
| what is the second category of animal use | husbandy/observe behavior |
| what is the third category of animal use | may cause momentary pain to animals(sq/iv catheters) must use pain control if more than momentary pain |
| what category(s) of animal use are heavily regulated and have to have 100% justification on their research techniques | D & E |
| this committee reviews all animal use protocols | institutional animal care and use committee |
| must be a DVM certifies or trained in lab animal medicine, must be an individual who is not otherwise affiliate with the institution, or required by institutional needs, laws and regulations are qualifications for what type of membership | IACUC membership |
| this act was established in 1966 and protects warmblooded vertebrates, excludes mice, rats, birds, and farm animals; is regulated by APHIS | animal welfare act |
| what organization regulates the animal welfare act | APHIS |
| who is regulated by the animal welfare act | research, testing, and education |
| safety of personnel, conservation of species, and humane care and use of animals are all what in reference to animal research | ethical considerations |
| relevancy, reliability, simplicity, and accessibility are all what in reference to animal research | scientific considerations |
| models must have one or more features that resemble the original system is what type of scientific consideration | relevancy |
| model must allow investigators to obtain consistent, reproducible results is what type of scientific consideration | reliability |
| simpler models usually provide fewer variables than whole animal system is what type of scientific consideration | simplicity |
| models must be readily available to research community and permit manipulation using contemporary technology is what type of scientific consideration | accessibility |
| what is the primary concern of good laboratory practice standards | reliability of research results |
| the results acquired from testing and effects on animals are what type of consideration | ethical |
| these are used for appropriate identification, to document environment of animal rooms, housing, feeding, handling, and care | written SOP's |
| the purchase of animals; food, caging, and labor; cost of supplies, equipment, facilities, and labor are all what type of considerations | economic |
| rearrangements of social groupings, change of environment, temp, bedding, etc; gentle handling, decreased noise, and adaptation to experimental situation to decrease stress are all examples of what | non-pharmacologic interventions |
| these can be tougher than public law, but not less | institutional policies |
| these are the minimum accepted standards | laws |
| this strain of lab animal is randomly bred and used to represent diversity of human populations | outbred |
| this strain of lab animal is brother-sister inbreeding for at least 20 generations and is used in transplant research | inbred |
| this strain of lab animal is genetically different at one specific locus | congenic |
| this strain of lab animal is genetically engineered for the production of specific disease models and is used to study some forms of cancer | transgenic |
| mice shouldn't have what type of bedding | cedar |
| how long is the estrus cycle of a mouse | 4-5 days |
| mice reach puberty at what age | 4-6 weeks |
| the gestational period of a mouse is | 3 weeks |
| postpartum estrus occurs for how long in mice | 24 hours |
| this is when a group of female mice will go into estrus by the third night following exposure to a male | whitten effect |
| this is when a pregnant female mouse will not conceive if exposed to a strange male within 48 hours of copulation | bruce effect |
| this husbandry strain of mouse is born by ovh and maintained in strict isolation | axenic |
| this husbandry strain of mice are axenic mice that have been introduce to known nonpathogenic microorganism(s)and housed in isolation or barrier units | gnotobiotic |
| this husbandry strain of mice is free from specific pathogens | specific pathogen free/ viral antibody free |
| this husbandry strain of mice requires personnel to shower in/shower out | barrier-sustained |
| this husbandry strain of mice requires no special housing etc | conventional |
| holding the base of the tail and scruff, using a wire cage lid, or devices are restrain and handling protocols of what lab animal | mouse |
| where is the SQ injection route of a mouse | scruff |
| where is the IM injection route of a mouse | quadriceps |
| where is the IV injection route of a mouse | lateral tail vein or saphenous vein |
| where is the IP injection route of a mouse | right caudal abdomen |
| what should be used to collect blood from a mouse | hematocrit tube |
| how do you calculate the maximum safe volume of blood to be drawn from a mouse | wt(kg)x 1%= L blood or wt(g)x 1%= mL blood |
| the retro-oribital, lateral tail vein, tail/toenail clip, saphenous vein, facial/submandibular are all what in reference to mice | blood drawl routes |
| this blood collection method requires the mouse to be anesthetized | orbital sinus |
| this mouse medical condition is self-limiting; pneumonia like; may be a latent infection; has a vaccine available | sendai virus |
| this mouse medical condition is a latent infection; clinical signs: dehydration, wt loss, diarrhea, sudden death; tx/prevention: cage filter, replacement stock, cesarian rederivation | mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) |
| this mouse medical conditin is caused by clostridium piliformis; risk factors: poor husbandry, immunosuppression; clinical signs: dehydration, wt loss, diarrhea, sudden death; tx/prevention: isolation, restocking, cesarian rederivation | tyzzer's disease |
| this mouse medical condition is caused by mycoplasma pulmonis; transmission: aerosol, respiratory secretions, transplacental; clinical signs: URI, torticollis, rough hair coat, wt loss, breeding ineffciencies, infertility; tx: tetracycline in drink water | murine mycoplasmosis |
| this mouse medical condition is viral diarrhea in mice < 2 weeks old; tx: culling; prevention: cage filters | epizootic diarrhea of infant mice (EDIM) |
| these are the external parasites of mice | pin worms; mites |
| treatment for mice external parasites are with these medications | ivermectin; dichlorvos strips |
| this lab animal lacks a gallbladder; the albino species has poor vision; have a harderian gland | rats |
| this lab animal has reproduction characteristics similar to mice but the whitten effect is less prominent and the bruce effect is non existant | rats |
| this lab animal has husbandry similar to mice but rears their young communally | rats |
| base of the tail or thumb across the thorax are handling and restrain of which lab animal | rats |
| IP injections of this lab animal are given on the left side of the abdomen | rats |
| this rat medical condition- in young rats clinical signs: jaundice, ataxia, tremors, stunted growth; mature rats: asymptomatic; immunocompromised rats: paralysis, scrotal cyanosis | rat parvovirus |
| this lab animal are generally docile, alert burrowers; social but for ease of housing kept singly; crepuscular; herbivores; have a high fiber requirement | rabbits |
| animals that are primarily active during twilight | crepuscular |
| this helps to prevent trichobezors in rabbits | high fiber diet |
| medical term for hairballs | trichobezors |
| stomping of feet and spraying urine are behaviors of ___ or ___ rabbits | aggressive; nervous |
| what is the average life expectancy of a rabbit | 5-6 years |
| rabbits have two distinct types of feces (true/false) | true |
| this type of rabbit feces is hard and round and formed in the first four hours of eating | day |
| this type of rabbit feces is moist, has a strong odor, bright green, mucus covered | night |
| rabbits eatting the night feces directly from the anus is normal & helps increase digestibility of proteins and maintains adequate nutrition and intestinal flora (true/false) | true |
| large rabbits weigh how much | 14-16 pounds |
| medium rabbits weigh how much | 4-14 pounds |
| small rabbits weigh how much | 2-4 pounds |
| the holland lop, and mini lop are considered what type of rabbit | lop eared |
| the dutch, new zeland white, california checkered, giant, himalayan, and rex are considered what type of rabbit | non lop eared |
| this involves the care, housing, feeding, and breeding of lab animals | husbandry |
| rabbits are induced ovulators that do not have an estrous as in mice (true/false0 | true |
| the uterus of this lab animal is a duplex with 2 cervix's and 2 cervical orifices that open directly into the vagina with no uterine body | rabbits |
| rabbits have a seasonal period of receptivity that last for how many days | 7-10 |
| in a rabbit how long does ovulation occur after coitus | 10 hours |
| how long is a rabbits gestational period | 29-35 days |
| nesting hours to days prior to paturition a doe will pluck her hair to line the nest (true/false) | true |
| what is the litter size of a rabbit | 4-12 kits |
| what are baby rabbits called | kits |
| when are kits weaned | 5-8 weeks |
| when do male rabbits reach puberty | 6-7 months |
| when do female rabbits reach puberty | 5 months |
| how soon after paturition can a doe be rebred | 24 hours |
| in bucks, the inguinal canals in males open and the scrotum is anterior to the penis(beans over the frank) (true/false) | true |
| how long does rabbit breeding last | 2 seconds |
| about how many ejaculations are achieved by a rabbit per mating | 1-3 |
| this rabbit husbandry term is used more specifically than outbred or random and specifically not inbred | stock |
| this rabbit husbandry term refers to inbred animals; not as common as in mice due to longer gestational periods; 20 generations b4 considered taking 1o yrs; ex: wantanabe hyperlipidemic | strain |
| this type of rabbit is commonly employed in research; born via OVH | specific pathogen free (SPF) |
| this rabbit diet requirement is necessary for normal gut motility and fermentation; prevents trichobezors; options: alfalfa hay, cabbage family, clover, dandelions | fiber |
| the rabbit classic cartoon diets of carrots and other vegetables have low nutritional value (true/false) | true |
| when do rabbits routinely eat | dusk |
| the integument of this lab animal can tear easily and has three pairs of scent glans located on the chin, anal, and inguinal area | rabbits |
| the urine of this lab animal is thick/cloudy and contains crystals unless the animal is fasted | rabbit |
| what is the normal body temperature of a rabbit | 101-104 |
| what is the normal HR of a rabbit | 180-325 |
| what is the normal RR of a rabbit | 30-60 |
| this lab animal cant vomit; are hindgut fermenters via cecum; are coprophagic producing cecotrophs at night; have 2 sets of upper incisors & 1 set of lower that are continuously growing | rabbit |
| what are a rabbits 2 pair of upper incisors are called | peg teeth/ wolf teeth |
| this type of dentition is characterized by high crowned teeth and enamel which extends past the gum line providing extra material for wear and tear | hypsodontic |
| this lab animal has well developed ear veins and a large lingual vessel | rabbit |
| this lab animal is prone to laryngospasms and has heterophils instead of neutrophils | rabbit |
| this rabbit medical condition- pasteurella multocida; aka snuffles; invades nasal tissue; disseminate to other parts of the body; clinical signs: URI, skin abscesses, otitis interna, pyometra, orchitis, pneumonia, septicemia; transmission= direct contact | pasteurellosis |
| this is the coccidia found in rabbits | eimeria spp |
| rabbit medical condition- clostridium piliforme; intracellular pathogen; signs= acute death, lethargy, rough hair coat, diarrhea; Dx= special stains on necropsy samples; transmission= ingestion of spores | tyzzers disease |
| what is the gestational period of a hamster | 15-18 days |
| hamster medical condition: bacterial infection of ileum; signs= watery diarrhea, lethargy, sudden death w/in 3 days of signs; seen as young as 3 weeks of age; often confused w/ tyzzers dz | wet tail(transmissable ileal hyperplasia) |
| hamster medical condition: zoonotic; asymptomatic; generalized wasting; ppl signs= flu like symptoms, headache, confusion, drowsiness; virus shed in urine; | lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus (LCM) |
| which pocket pet is naturally resistant to radiation | gerbil |
| guinea pig medical condition: vit c deficency; lameness, lethargy; anorexia, rough hair coat, diarrhea, nasal/occular discharge; | scurvy |
| guinea pig medical condition: gut flora predominately gram +; signs= diarrhea, dehydration, hypothermia, anorexia; Tx= supportive care, lactobacillus | antibiotic associate enterotoxemia |
| guinea pig medical condition: strep zooepideicus; streptobacillus moniliformis; opportunistic via oral mucosa abrasions; signs= cervical abscesses; prevention= decrease stress | cervical lymphadenitis |
| how many species of ferrets are there | 3 |
| a male ferret who has been neutered and is unable to breed | gib |
| a male ferret who is intact and able to breed | hob |
| a female ferret who is unaltered and able to breed | jill |
| a female ferret who has been spayed and is unable to breed | sprite |
| a baby ferret | kit |
| which human virus is transmissable to ferrets | influenza |
| which order of birds contains the song birds: finches, canaries | passierformes |
| which order of birds contains fowl, poultry, and quail | galliformes |
| which order of birds contains doves and pigeons | columbiformes |
| which order of birds contains waterfowl, ducks, geese | anseriformes |
| what order of birds contains waterbirds, cranes, herons, | ciconiiformes |
| which order of birds contains raptors, hawks, eagles | falconiformes |
| which order of birds contain owls | strigiformes |
| blood from the caudal portion of the body passing through the kidneys before the main vascular system | renal portal system |
| which animal does not have lymph nodes | avian species |
| what is the minimum amount of darkness a bird should have | 14 hours |
| how many feathers should be trimmed on the wings of a bird | firs 4-7 |
| the differences between males and females of the same species by apperance, pulmage color | sexual dimorphism |
| feathers that are immature feathers that still have a blood supply to the shaft, can be spotted by the dark colored shaft | blood feathers |
| the process of shedding and regrowing of feathers that is affected by season, temperature, nutrition, species, occurs one to two times per year | molting |
| respiratory system of this animal has no diaphragm, large trachea for size with complete rings, syrinx, lungs & air sacs (8-9) | avian |
| this is the sound producing organ of birds | syrinx |
| how many breaths does it take to move air through the system of a bird | 2 |
| digestive system of this animal lacks teeth, no epiglottis, esophagus on right side, crop, proventriculus, ventriculus (gizzard), small and large intestine, cloaca | avian |
| bony termination of the vertebral column formed by fusion of the last 4-8 spinal vertebrae | pygostyle, |
| posterior to the thoraic vertebrae, a series of 10-23 fused vertebrae to which the pelvic girdle is fused | synsacrum |
| bony structure created by the fushion of two or more thoraic vertebrae as occurs in some birds | notarium |
| the musculoskeletal system of this species lacks bone marrow, some bones are hallow | avian |
| avian disease: chlamydophilia psittaci; signs= green diarrhea, anorexia, depression, dyspnea, URI, pneumonia, biliverdinuria; Dx= signs and bloodtests; ZOONOTIC | chlamydiosis (psittacosis) |
| avian disease: mycobacterium avium-intracellulare; ZOONOTIC; signs= chronic wt loss, lethargy, Dx= fecal smears, biopsies; Tx= long term antibiotics | avian mycobacteriosis |
| avian disease: gram negative bacteria(E. Coli, Pseudomonas spp) signs= hyperpnea, dyspnea, abdominal breathing; Dx= choanal culture and sensitivity | pneumonia/air sacculitis |
| avian disease: carried throughout body by phagocytic cells resulting in formation of granulomas; signs= pu/pd, anorexia, dyspnea, cyanosis, change in voice, =/- GI symptoms, =/- neurosymptoms, Dx= history, signs, labs, endoscope, rads; Tx= surgery | aspergillus |
| avian disease: candida albicans; gray> white plaque in oral cavity, espophagus, crop; | candidiasis |
| avian disease: viral; causes sudden death, conures can be carries | pachecos disease |
| avian disease: viral; neurological disease of poultry | newcastles disease |
| avian disease: viral; young birds | polymavirus |
| oil gland of birds found under the tail | uropygial gland |
| muscular pouch in the GI tract used for food storage | crop |
| glandular stomach in birds | proventriculs |
| muscular stomach in birds that grinds food | venttriculus |
| male reproductive organ in birds that is similar to mammalian penis | phallus |
| hard brittle internal structure found in cuttlefish | cuttlebone |
| juvenile bird that is just learning to fly | fledgling |
| main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of the birds wing | primary feathers |
| infectious stage of chlamydophilia psittaci | elementary body |
| reproductive stage of chlamydophillia psittaci | reticulate body |
| deposition of greenish pigments in the urine of birds | biliverdinuria |
| feather dander is also known as | feather dust |
| what are the most common birds that are kept as pets | psittacines |
| what type of feather should never be cut | blood feather |
| which jugular vein is bigger in a bird? the right or left? | right |
| what is the common outlet for intestinal, genital, and urinary tracts in birds | cloaca |
| female birds only have one ovary that is located on what side of their body | left |
| which bird species does not have a present phallus | psittacines |
| what mammalian has 6000-7000 species, is ectothermic, has pulmonary respiration, amniotes, epidermal scales, 3-4 chambered hearts, are tetrapods, have internal fertilizatin, no sweat glands, live on all continents except antartica | reptiles |
| which reptile should shed its skin in one piece, has a specially designed mandible allowing wide opening, 3 anatomic <3 chambers that functions as 5, more forward tracheal opening, small non functioning left lung, saccular lung used during feeding | snake |
| how long does the esophagus run in the length of the body of a snake | 1/4-1/2 of the body |
| what organ may be fused with the spleen in a snake | pancreas |
| a snake urinary tract has __ nephrons, __ loop of henle, __ renal pelvis, excrete uric acid via ___ | few; no; no; cloaca |
| abnormal shedding of the skin of reptiles | dysecdysis |
| which reptile has 250-300 species, appeared 215 millions years ago, has 2 suborders | turtles |
| this suborder of turtles has 2 families, approximately 75 species, are side necked unable to retract neck, aquatic-semi aquatic | pleurodira |
| this suborder of turtle has 11 families, approximately 200 species, able to retract neck straight back into shell, terrestrial, aquatic, and semi-aquatic | cryptodira |
| these turtles are part of what suborder: marine turtles, snapping turtles, pond & river turtles, mud & musk turtles, land/true tortoises, soft-shelled turtles | cryptodira |
| how many bones are in a turtles shell | 50-60 |
| how many types of shell variations are there | 4 |
| what reptile has coelomic cavity, respiration, rhampotheca/tomium, scaled vs. scale-less, uncoordinated shedding, no external ears, oviparious | chelonian |
| which reptile has approximately 4500 species, appeared ~200 million years ago, life span ranges from 3-15 years, have large size variations, 5 infraorders, epidermal scales, vomeronasal(jacobsons) organ, oviparous vs. viviparous | lizards |
| this lizard infra order has 10-14 families | iguania |
| this lizard infra order has 3 families | gekkota |
| this lizard infra order has 11 families | scinocomorpha |
| this lizard infra order has 3 families | diploglossa |
| this lizard infra order has 4 families | platynota |
| the general photoperiod rule for a lizard in the summer time is how many hours | 14 |
| the general photoperiod rule for a lizard in the winter time is how many hours | 12 |
| the photoperiod rule for temperate zone reptiles in the summer is how many hours | 15 |
| the photoperiod rule for temperate zone reptiles in the spring/fall is how many hours | 12 |
| the photoperiod rule for temperate zone reptiles in the winter is how many hours | 9 |
| the photoperiod rule for tropical reptile species is how many hours in the summer | 13 |
| the photoperiod rule for tropical reptile species is how many hours in the winter | 11 |
| what are uva lights needed for in reptiles | behavior |
| what are uvb lights needed for in reptiles | vitamin d3 |
| what will happen to a reptile if the humidity is to low in their environment | dysecdysis, dehydration |
| what will happen to a reptile if the humidity is to high in their environment | respiratory infections, dermatitis |
| how often should most tortoises and lizards be fed | daily |
| how often should aquatic/semi aquatic chelonians be fed | 2-3 times a week |
| how often should large carnivorous lizards be fed | 2-3 times a week |
| how often should a reptiles entire cage and furnishing be disinfected | monthly |
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