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Clin Lab
Clin Lab 1 Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normocyte/normocytic | refers to normal size and mature RBCs |
| microcyte/microcytic | RBCs with diameter less than that of a normal RBC. These cells will have a decreased MCV and can be seen with iron deficiency |
| Macrocyte/macrocytic | RBCs with diameter greather than that of normal RBCs. Cells Larger in size than normal, Cells with have increased MCV |
| Anisocytoysis | terms used to describe vairation in size of RBCs |
| Normochromic/Normochromasia | A mature RBC that stains pink/red in color with an area of central pallor. Normal Staining intensity |
| Hypochromic/hypochromasia | decreased staining intensity caused by insufficient hemoglobin within the cell |
| Hyperchromic/Hyperchromasia | refers to cells that appear more darkly stained than normal cells. Gives cells oversatured appearance |
| Polychromasia | terms used to describe variation in the color of RBCs |
| acanthocytes | also called spur cells. Contained irregulary shaped margins with unevenly distributed surface projections of variable length and diameter coming from the cell wall |
| Echinoytes | also called burr cells. spiculated cells with numerous short, evenly spaced blunt to sharp surface projections of uniform size and shape. can also appear as dark red spots on top of the cell |
| Codocytes | also called target cells. contains central round portion of hemoglobin inside the area of central pallor. |
| leptocytes | large, thin RBC that is folded or distorted due to increased membrane of decreased volume |
| Stomatocytes | large, thin RBC that warps when passing through small blood vessels and creasted a more oval to elongated central pallor |
| spherocytes | smaller RBCs that are dense and dark staining with reduced or no central pallor |
| dacryoctyes | tear drop in shape |
| Elliptocytes/ovalcytes | elongated or oval shaped RBCs |
| keratocytes | also called helmet cells. cell that often has two membrane projections (horns) |
| torocytes | contains a punched out appearance, punched out central area in the cell |
| schistocytes | RBC Fragments suggestive of mechanical damage or vascular occlusion |
| Rouleaux | RBCs appearing as stacks of coins or rows. Normal finding in horses, can also be seen in cats |
| Agglutination | amorphous clumping of RBCs. can be associated with immune disorders |
| Reticulocyte | immature RBCs released from bone marrow during periods of intense need |
| Types of Reticuloctyes | Aggregates & punctates |
| Aggregate appearance | clumped appearance |
| punctate appearance | polka-dot appearance |
| species with anucleated cells | most mammals |
| species with nucleated cells | birds, reptiles, amphibian |
| normal appearance of RBCS | Biconcave |
| Rubriblast (RBC maturation) | (1) large cell with a large round nucleaus, granular chromatin, prominent nucleoli and dark blue cytoplasm |
| Prorubricyte (RBC maturation) | (2) large cell, round nucleus with ill defined or no nucleoli, course chromatin, cytoplasm, predom. blue but may be red tinged |
| Rubricyte (RBC maturation) | (3) smaller in size thatn prorubricyte, round nucleus with no nucleoli, nucleus contains more clumps of chromatin and cytoplasm, is predom. blue w/ increasing amount of red |
| Metarubricyte (RBC maturation) | (4) smaller in size than rubricyte, nucleus is eccentric, small, and has dense chromatin, cytoplasm is reddish-blue |
| Polychromatophilic erythrocyte (RBC maturation) | (5) small cell, no nucleus and cytoplasm is blue to reddish depending on maturity |
| mature erythrocyte (RBC maturation) | (6) small cell, stains reddish-orange, biconcave discs, with central pallor |
| Estimated RBC count (calculation) | PCV%/6 = # x 10^6 RBC/ul |
| Hemoglobin Estimate (calculation) | PCV%/3 = # g/dl |
| MCV | PCV%/total RBC x 10 = #fl |
| MCH | Hgb Concentration/total RBC x 10 = #pg |
| MCHC | Hgb concentration/PCV% x 100 = #g/dl |
| 1/3 of all platelets are where? | spleen |
| Function of erythrocyte? | carry oxygen from lungs to rest of body's cells |
| decreased HCT/PCV causes what? | Anemia |
| increased HCT/PCV causes what? | dehydration and polycythemia |
| Polycythemia | increase in amount of red blood cells in circulating blood |
| Why is it important to keep stain bottles tightly capped? | prevents: contamination, evaporation, and PH changes |
| hematopoiesis | production of blood cells and platelets |
| fluid/liquid portion of blood | plasma |
| fluid/liquid portion of whole blood in which the fibrinogen and coagulation/clotting factors have been removed | serum |
| Normal plasma protein values: dog/cat | Dog: 6.0-7.5 g/dl Cat: 6.0-7.5 g/dl |
| Normal RBC cell count: dog/cat | Dog: 5.0-8.5 x 10^6 RBC/ul Cat: 5.0-10.0 x 10^6 RBC/ul |
| main energy source fo erythrocytes | glucose |
| Normal hemoglobin values: dog/cat | dog: 12-18 g/dl cat: 8-15 g/dl |
| Plasma consists of ___% water? | 90% |
| What is yielded when anticoagulated or unclotted blood sample is centrifuged? | plasma |
| coagulated/clotted blood will yield what after centrifugation? | serum |
| Hemoglobin function | functions to help carry oxygen molecules, iron and cell metabolites throughout the body |
| 3 plasma proteins | Albumin, globulins, Fibrinogen |
| Globulins consists of? | alpha, beta, gamma |
| HCT/PCV purpose? | measures the precent of whole blood that is composed of rBCs |
| 5 main parts of HCT/PCV (in order, from bottom to top) | Clay plug/seal packed RBCs Buffy Coat Plasma Meniscus |
| Red Top Tube: Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: None Use: Blood Chemistry Yields: Serum |
| Serum Separator Tube/Marble Top: Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: None Use: Blood Chemistry Yields: Serum |
| Lavender/Purple Top: Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: EDTA Use: CBC Yields: Plasma |
| Blue Top Tube: Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: Sodium Citrate Use: Clotting Studies Yields: Plasma |
| Green Top Tube Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: Lithium Herparin Use: Ph levels, Lead determinants Yields: Plasma |
| Gray Top Tube: Anticoagulant? Use? What does it yield? | Anticoagulant: potassium oxalate/sodium flouride Use: glucose determinants Yields: Plasma |
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