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quiz 2&3
vet 1355
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| true tapeworms are | eucestoda |
| pseudotapeworms are | cotyloda |
| these platyhelminthes are ribbon like and segmented | cestodes(tapeworms) |
| these platyhelminthes are flattened and leaf shaped | trematodes(flukes) |
| member of the class cestoda are often reffered to as | tapeworms |
| platyhelminthes are also known as | flatworms |
| what is the major difference between eucestoda and cotyloda | their life cycle and scolex |
| segments that contain the male and female sex organs of flatworms | proglottids |
| how do you diagnose proglottids | the size and how far away from the scolex they are |
| dipylidium caninum is often referred to as | the flea tapeworm |
| what is the name of the feline tapeworm | taenia taeniaeformis |
| what is the intermediate host of taenia taeniaeformis | rodent |
| what are the two most important pseudotapeworms | diphyllobothrium spp. and spirometra spp. |
| what is the intermediate host for diphyllobothrium | copepod |
| what are the three tapeworm species of humans | taenia saginata, taenia solium, and echinococcus sp. |
| what tapeworm species is found in cattle | taenia saginata |
| what tapeworm species is found in swine | taenia solium |
| what are two medications that can be used to treat tapeworm infections | praziquantel & epsiprantel |
| what is the most economically important trematode | fasciola hepatica |
| why is fasciola hepatica the most economically important trematode | because it causes liver condemination at slaughter |
| an armed tapeworm contains a | rostellum |
| an unarmed tapeworm does not contain a | rostellum |
| the body wall of the tapeworm that absorbs the nutrients acquired from the host intestines | tegument |
| the head of a tapeworm that contains the four suckers | scolex |
| the four suckers which the tapeworm holds on to the lining of the small intestine or "home" | acetabula |
| the body of a tapeworm is called | strobila |
| these type of proglottids are the oldest and farthest away from the scolex | gravid proglottid |
| hydrated cysts of this type of tapeworm can be found in the liver and lungs of the intermediate host | echinococcus granulosus |
| this species of tapeworm can cause unilocular hydratid disease in humans | echinococcus granulosus |
| these two tapeworm species are very zoonotic to | echinococcus granulosuss and echinococcus multilocularis |
| this psuedotapeworm is referred to as the broad fish tapeworm | diphyllobothrium spp. |
| this psuedotapeworm can cause sparganosis in humans | spirometra spp |
| this psuedotapeworm egg is similar to D. latum except there is no small knob at the end | spirometra spp |
| this large animal cestode can cause ulcerative lesions near the ileocecal valve by A. perfoliata | anoplocephala spp. |
| this large animal cestode has a pyriform apparatus that houses its oncosphere | anoplocephala spp. |
| this is the large animal cestode that is found in ruminants | moniezia spp. |
| the eggs of this large animal cestode are triangular | Moniezia expansa |
| the eggs of this large animal cestode are square | moniezia benedini |
| treatment/control of the moniezia spp. is with these two anthelmintics | fenbendazole and albendazole |
| treatment/control of the anoplocephala spp. is with these three anthelmintics | pyrantel, pyrantel pamoate, praziquantel |
| these platyhelminthes have an undivided body, typically posess two suckers and most of their body is composed of a reproductive system | trematodes |
| this platyhelminthe has a complex and indirect life cycle that uses one or more hosts | trematodes |
| this trematode is the small animal lung fluke | paragonimus kellicoti |
| this trematode uses crayfish or freshwater crabs as the 2nd IH | paragonimus kellicoti |
| this trematode passes eggs that are coughed up then swallowed completing the life cycle | paragonimus kellicoti |
| this trematode is the small animal intestinal fluke | alaria sp. |
| this trematode is zoonotic to man from frog legs, snakes, etc | alaria sp. |
| this trematode can cause pulmonary damage | alaria sp. |
| treatment of the small animal lung fluke are with these anthelmintics | fenbendazole, albendazole, praziquantel |
| treatment of the small animal intestinal fluke are with these anthelmintics | praziquantel, albendazole |
| these are the large animal flukes | fasciola hepatica and fasciola gigantica |
| this large animal trematode is found in deer in the bile duct and have eggs that are found in the feces | fascioloides magna |
| this large animal trematode is found in cattle in black pigmented thick walled cysts that are found in the liver | fascioloides magna |
| this large animal trematode is found in sheep can cause severe liver damage and death, they do no mature, no eggs are produced | fascioloides magna |
| it takes only 2-3 of these flukes to kill a ruminant | fascioloides magna |
| there are ___ main protozoa catagories | 3 |
| this is the active feeding stage of a protozoan, also called the vegetative stage | trophozoites |
| this is the non feeding stage of a protozoan, resistant to many environmental conditions, generally the stage used for infection to the next host | cysts |
| these protozoan move by hair like locomotory organelles called cilia, they are commensials | ciliates |
| this is a common ciliate found in swine that can cause ulcerations concurrent with whipworm infections | balantidium coli |
| this ciliate is zoonotic to humans that work with swine | balantidium coli |
| this ciliate has a large kidney shaped marcrnucleus | balantidium coli |
| the phylum of ciliates | cilophora |
| the phylum of flagellates | sarcomastigophora |
| these protozoa use flagella for movement and many are also commensals found in various body systems | flagellates |
| this flagellate is zoonotic, found in many species and causes a gray, greasy, malodorous and voluminous, not bloody diarrhea | giardia sp. |
| this stage of giardia sp encyst in the colon | trophozoites |
| this stage of giardia sp. is found in diarrheic feces, rounneded at the anterior end, pointed at the posterior, dorsoventrallly flattened, has a bi-lobed disk"sucker" two median bodies and a flagellae | trophozoites |
| this stage of giardia sp. is found in formed feces, ovoid, has no flagella, and has two to four nuclei | cysts |
| these medications are used to treat giardia sp. | metronidazole, fenbendazole, furazolidone |
| to avoid infeciton of giardia sp. when camping drinking water should be boiled for ___ mins | 5 |
| to control outbreaks of giardia sp. in kennel situations _____ ____ can be used to help reduce clinical signs | giardia vax |
| this protozoan is found in cats and cattle | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoan is found in the genital tract of cattle | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoan in found in the large intestine of cats | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoan is transmitted to cows during coitus; bulls are permanent carriers | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoans transmission is unknown in cats | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoan causes vaginitis, endometritis, eventual abodtion of fetus and infertility in cattle | tritrichomonas foetus |
| this protozoan causes large bowel diarrhea that could last for months or years in cats | tritrichomonas foetus |
| trophozoites of this protozoan are pear-shaped, have a single nucleus, 1 posterior flagella, 3 anterior flagella, pointed posterior end and have a rolling-jerky movement on direct fecal exam | tritrichomonas foetus |
| diagnostics for tritrichomonas foetus are | direct fecal exam; fecal culture |
| these protozoans have a complex sexual life cycle with asexual and sexual phases in a DH, some use an IH, they need to sporulate in environment b4 they are infective | apicomplexa |
| this apicomplexan is a parasite of the intestinal tract of carnivores and herbivores | coccidia |
| animals infected with coccidia pass unsporulated oocysts in the feces, this is a ____ stage | not infective |
| oocysts of the coccidian sporulate in the environment, this is a ____ stage | infective |
| animals infected with coccidia having schizonts in the small and/or large intestine, this is a __ stage | asexual |
| animals infected with coccidia having gametes in the small and/or large intestine, this is a __ stage | sexual |
| animals infected with coccidia having zoites in extraintestinal tissues such as the liver or spleen, this is a ___ stage | sporozoites/merozoites? |
| zoites of the coccidian found in paratenic host such as mice, rats, hamsters, dogs, cats, opossums, cattle, others, this is a __ stage | sporozoites/merozoites? |
| this protozoal infection is mainly seen in young or immunocompromised animals | disease of coccidia |
| this protozoal infection may present as dehydration, lethargy, poor appetite, weight loss, secondary bacterial/viral infection, possible death | disease of coccidia |
| these coccidia are acquired by ingestion of sporulated oocysts from contaminated environments | canine and feline |
| these coccidian are rigidly host specific and will not infect a dog from a cat or a cat from a dog | cystoisospora spp. (Isospora) |
| this coccidian is not known to be of zoonotic significance | Isospora spp. |
| on standard fecal flotation Isospora have __ sporocytes each with __ sporozoites | 2/4 |
| on standard fecal flotation Eimeria have __ sporocysts each with __ sporozoites | 4/4 |
| feces infected with this protozoan may appear loose, as copious and watery diarrhea,as bloody/mucoid diarrhea, or pasty green scours | coccidia |
| the coccidian parasite of dogs | isospora canis |
| the coccidian parasite of cats | isospora felis |
| the coccidian parasite of pigs | isospora suis |
| the coccidian parasite of cattle | eimeria zuernii |
| the coccidian parasite of horses | eimeria leuckarti |
| given no other problems animals will generally self cure their infection and develop immunity with this coccidia species | eimeria |
| this is the protozoan found in the small intestine of several animals including man | cryptosporidium sp. |
| this protozoans oocysts are immediately infective when passed through fresh feces | cryptosporidium sp. |
| infection with this protozoan in cattle could be inapparent or severe with debilitating diarrhea, cause yellow watery diarrhea and lethargy, recovery in a couple of weeks | cryptosporidium sp. |
| this protozoal infection in immunocompetent ppl will cause watery diarrhea, fever, nausea, vomiting, bloating, abdominal tenderness, malaise, infection last for 5-10 days | cryptosporidium sp. |
| this protozoal infection in immunocompromised ppl will cause diarrhea severe enough for hospitilization, possible life threatening due to hyperinfection, may involve respiratory tract | cryptosporidium sp. |
| few drugs are consistently effective against this protozoan | cryptosporidium sp. |
| these medications can be used to treat cryptosporidium sp. | paromomycin, tylosin, azithromycin, nitazoxanide |
| cats are the only definitive host of this protozoan, zoonotic | toxoplasma gondii |
| eventually the tissue form of this will form cysts in muscle and CNS of IH | toxoplasma gondii |
| ingestion of undercooked meat containing cysts/ingestion of oocysts from cat feces/congenital to baby if mother first exposed during pregnancy/ingestion of tachyzoites/bradyzoites from unpasturized milk are all poss routes of infection of this protozoan | toxoplasma gondii |
| disease of this protozoan rarely presents in cats, dogs may have fever, dyspnea, etc. sheep have abortion | toxoplsma gondii |
| disease of this protozoan in healthy ppl has no signs or "flu-like" symptoms, if acquired congenitally may have blindness/mental impairments, immunosuppresed ppl- encephalitis/frequent cause of death | toxoplasma gondii |
| this is a multisystemic infection characterized by granulomatous inflammation associated with tachyzoite proliferation in the tissues | toxoplasmosis |
| lymph nodes, liver, lung, brain/spinal cord, and eyes are some organs/tissues affected when _____ disease is present | toxoplasmosis |
| diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in animals and ppl is with ___ but has limited usefulness in cats | serology |
| diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in animals is with ___ but has limited usefulness in cats | fecal examination |
| there is no approved treatment for ____ in cats or dogs but clinamycin, pyrimethamine plus a sulfonamide, or trimethoprim-sulphonamide combo have shown success | toxoplasmosis |
| pregnant women avoid litter boxes, vaccines for sheep and cats, do not feed raw meat to cats, do not eat undercooked meat are all methods of control for | toxoplasmosis |
| this is a small intestine protozoal infection of the dog, cat, wild carnivore, man | sarcocystis sp. |
| the parasitic tissue stage of this protozoan develops in the muscle of the IH | sarcocystis sp. |
| the life cycle of this protozoan continues via carnivorism by the DH | sarcocystis sp. |
| this protozoal disease in carnivores is self limiting and generally non-pathogenic | sarcocystis sp. |
| this protozoal disease in the IH is very pathogenic and can cause weight loss, emaciation, hair loss, anemia, abortion, and equine protozoal myeloencephalitis | sarcocystis sp. |
| treatment of sarcocystis sp. in cattle is with | amprolium |
| treatment of sarcocystis sp. in sheep is with | salinomycen |
| this is a protozoan of dogs that has a life cycle that is not fully understood, can have tissue stages/transplacental transmission to puppies | neospora caninum |
| clinical disease of this protozoan in puppies is flaccid hind-limb paralysis | neospora caninum |
| clinical disease of this protozoan in adult dogs are neurological symptoms, nodular dermatitis, pneumonia, urine/fecal incontinence | neospora caninum |
| infection with this protozoan in cattle maybe cause abortion | neospora caninum |
| there are no good treatment for this protozoan but protocols for toxoplasmosis may be useful | neospora caninum |
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