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vet1155
lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ____ can be thought of in terms of what causes the disease, how the body responds, recognition of the disease, transmission, treatment, and prevention of the disease | Pathology |
| etiologies can be summarized by the_____ scheme | DAMNIT |
| the D in DAMNIT stands for | degenerative |
| the A in DAMNIT stands for | autoimmune/anomalous |
| the M in DAMNIT stands for | metabolic |
| the N in DAMNIT stands for | neoplastic/nutritional |
| the I in DAMNIT stands for | inflammatory/infectious/inschemic |
| the T in DAMNIT stands for | toxins/trauma |
| it is very important to use _____ when speaking to lay public that they will understand | terms |
| Knowing a _____ _______ allows for anticipation of tests that may need to be run | Differential diagnosis |
| ____ can be spread by many different methods including direct/indirect contact, vectors, and medical personal | infections |
| This basically means it has the ability to multiply within a host | infectious |
| all ____ organisms are infective | contagious |
| not all ______ organisms are contagious | infective |
| readily transmitted by either direct or indirect contact | contagious |
| this is determined by ability of the organism to replicate in the host and its ability to produce toxins | virulence |
| these are classified by shape, staining, and oxygen demands | bacteria |
| non-cellular, contain only DNA or RNA never both, require a host cell to replicate | viruses |
| classified based on their shape and spore-production | fungi |
| cause specific neural disease | prions |
| cells of the immune system can be divided into these categories | peripheral blood; accessory cells |
| different immune cells have different roles in ______ and _______ | inflammation; fighting disease |
| these cells respond to acute inflammation, phagocytize, and produce numerous chemicals | neutrophil |
| these cells respond to parasites and allergies, probably phagocytize | eosinophil |
| these cells respond to chronic inflammation | basophils |
| these cells respond to chronic inflammation, phagocytize | monocytes |
| these cells are produced by lymphatic tissues, some of which produce antibodies | lymphocytes |
| neutralize antigens, produce epitopes, and produce cytokines | phagocytes |
| the immune system can be divided into ____ and _____ | innate; acquired |
| this type of immunity is involved in both innate and acquired immunity | cell-mediated |
| these occur immediately and treat every antigen the same, and does not create memory cells | innate immune systems |
| this type of immune system takes days to weeks to occur and is a specific response to a specific antigen that dose not create memory cells | acquired immune system |
| these type of cells can be divied into three different types of cells | lymphocytes |
| the three different types of lymphocytes are | 1. B-cells 2. T-cells 3. natural killer(NK) cells |
| these types of cells are B-cells that produce antibodies | plasma cells |
| _____ presenting cells are macrophages, dendritic cells, and b-cells | antigen |
| _____ cells can be divided into helper cells, memory cells, and cytotoxic cells | T |
| these cells induce cells to die through chemical stimulus | cytotoxic cells |
| these cells present epitopes to b-cells | helper t cells |
| there are ___ classes of antibodies based on their shape. Each has a different role in the immune response | 5 |
| these work by binding to antigens to block their function and by enhancing the immune response | Antibodies |
| these cells neutralize antigens, produce epitopes, and produce cytokines | phagocytes |
| the major antibody produce during primary immune response | IgM |
| the major antibody produce during a secondary immune response | IgG |
| the major antibody involved in allergic reactions and parasite infections | IgE |
| the major antibody found in body secretions including colostrum | IgA |
| this antibody is not found in all animals and has no known functions at this time | IgD |
| maternal antibodies are considered | natural passive |
| antitoxins or antibody transfer are considered | artificial passive |
| recovery from natural infection is considered | natural active |
| vaccinations are considered | artifical active |
| this is used to treat rabies exposure and tetanus in people, but it can cause an allergic reaction to the antibodies | transfer antibody |
| this antibody can cross some placentas depending on how thick the placenta is | maternal IgG |
| the IgG antibody can pass transplacentally in this species | primates |
| the IgG antibody can not pass at all transplacentally in these 3 species | horses, pigs, and ruminants |
| the IgG antibody can pass some what transplacentally in these 2 species | cats and dogs |
| An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered antigen. The reaction may include rapidly progressing urticaria, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic shock, and death. | anaphylaxis |
| Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction. | antigen |
| cells of the lymphoid/hemopoietic/skin systems They function morphologically and phenotypically by processing antigens or presenting them to T-cells, thereby stimulating cellular immunity. | dendritic cells |
| the part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system, specifically by antibodies, B cells, or T cells | epitope |
| Having a high concentration of antibodies produced in reaction to repeated injections of an antigen | hyperimmune |
| A generic term for the presence of toxins in the blood | toxemia |
| a heat-stable toxin present in the intact bacterial cell but not in cell-free filtrates of cultures of intact bacteria | endotoxin |
| chemical neurological insults[3] which can adversely affect function in both developing and mature nervous tissue | neurotoxin |
| a word that means "requiring air" | aerobic |
| a word which literally means without oxygen | anaerobic |
| a long, branching filamentous structure of a fungus | hyphae |
| a type of unicellular fungi | yeast |
| the presence of bacteria and toxins in the blood | septicemia |
| the presence of bacteria in the blood | bacteremia |
| a reproductive structure that is adapted for dispersal and surviving for extended periods of time in unfavorable conditions | spore |
| the study of disease | pathology |
| the study of causation, or origination | etiology |
| the mechanism by which the disease is caused | pathogenesis |
| an aftereffect of disease, condition, or injury | sequela |
| the removal of a small piece of tissue for laboratory examination | biopsy |
| Examination of a non human cadaver to determine or confirm the cause of death. | necropsy |
| Examination of a cadaver to determine or confirm the cause of death. | autopsy |
| a systematic diagnostic method used to identify the presence of an entity where multiple alternatives are possible | differential diagnosis |
| a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing a shortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular metabolism | ischemia |
| an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form | prion |
| any inanimate object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms | fomites |
| a hospital-acquired infection | nonsocomial |
| illness caused by medical examination or treatment | iatrogenic |
| capable of causing infection | infectious |
| capable of being transmitted by bodily contact with an infected person or object: | contagious |
Created by:
chop
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