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vet1355
first quiz study guide
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When one species lives in or on another species in a friendly way | symbiosis |
| what are two examples of symbiosis | Commensensalism and mutualism |
| What are the three factors that affect the transmission of parasites? | 1.Source of infection 2.Mode of transmission 3. presence of susceptible host |
| this parasite lives on the outside of the host | ectoparasite |
| This parasite is completely dependent on host, can't survive without it. | Obligatory parasite |
| This parasite is a free living or commercial organism that can be parasitic as opportunity presents itself. | Facultative parasite |
| This is a host in which the parasite reaches the adult stage or undergoes sexual reproduction. | Definitive host |
| This is a host in which some stage of pre adult development takes place, essential to parasites life cycle. | Intermediate host |
| This is a host in which a parasite survives without undergoing further developement, not essential to the life cycle | Paratenic host |
| This involves a defenitive host only, there is no paratenic or intermediate host involved | direct life cycle |
| This is the period of time from infection until the infection is demonstrated by finding stages of the parasite | Prepatent period |
| This is the period of time from the first demonstration of infection until the infectious signs are no longer demonstrated | Patent period |
| What is used to diagnose or test for Spirocera lupi | A standard fecal flotation |
| What are common symptoms of the adult ascarid | diarrhea, vomiting, a pot-bellied apperance |
| What dewormers are affective when treating for roundworms | Pyrantel pamoate, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Milbemycin, or Piperazine compounds |
| Baylisascaris procyonis is also known as | Racoon roundworms |
| What is the difference between B. procyonis eggs and T. canis eggs | B. procynosis does not have a pitted surface; T. canis has a pitted surface |
| What are the 2 large animal ascarids | Ascaris suum; Parascaris equorum |
| What are the 3 ways infection can occur with Ancylostoma spp. | 1. Ingestion 2. Skin penetration 3. Transmammary |
| This type of egg is smooth, small, thick shelled, and is found in the stomach of dogs and cats | Physaloptera |
| This type of egg is unembryonated, spherical, with a deeply pigmented center, rough pitted outer shell, and is found in the small intestine of dogs and wild canids | Toxocara canis |
| This type of egg is unembryonated, spherical, deeply pigmented center, rough pitted outer shell, like T. canis but smaller, and found in the small intestine of cats | Toxocara cati |
| This type of egg is spherical to ovoid, smooth outer shell, "ground glass" central portion, colorless, no protein coat, and found in the small intestine of dogs, cats, foxes and wolves | Toxascaris leonina |
| This type of egg is ellipsoidal, golden brown, thick shelled, has a finally granular surface with no pitting, and is found in the small intestine of raccoons and dogs | Baylisascaris procyonis |
| This egg is oval, golden brown, has a thick albumious shell bearing prominant projections that give it a "lumpy bumpy" apperance, and is found in the small intestine of swine | Ascaris suum |
| This egg is subspherical, thick shelled, has a finally granular surface, brownish, and is found in the small intestine of the horse | Parascaris equorum |
| This egg is ellipsoid, smooth, thin shelled, colorless, and is found in the small intestine of all species | Ancylostoma spp. |
| This egg is ellipsoid, smooth, thin shelled, colorless, similar to Ancylostoma spp. but larger, and found in the small intestine of foxes, dogs, and cats | Uncinaria stenocephala |
| This egg is ellipsoidal with bluntly rounded ends, colorless, and is found in the small intestine of the dog, cat, man, fox, ruminants, and horses | Strongyloides spp. |
| This egg is golden brown, barrel shaped with bipolar plugs, smooth surfaced, and is found in the cecum and colon of dogs, cats, sheep, goats, foxes, cattle, and pigs | Trichuris spp. |
| This egg is clear, colorless, smooth shelled, contains a morula with four or more cells, and is found in the abomasum or small intestine of cattle, sheep, and ruminants | Trichostrongyles(general) |
| This egg is clear, colorless, smooth shelled, contains a morule with 8-16 cells, and is found in the large intestine of horses | Strongyles |
| This egg is elongated, flattened on one side, operculated at one end, and is found in the rectum and colon of the horse | Oxyuris equi |
| organisms which live at least part of the life cycle on or within another organism upon which it is physiologically dependent and causes harm in some way | parasites |
| This parasite lives on the inside of the host | endoparasite |
| Organisms that live together in an association where one is benefited while the other is unaffected | Commensals |
| Organisms that live together in an associated in which both relationships are benefited | Mutalism |
| These are single celled animals | Protozoa |
| These are worms | Helminths |
| These are crustaceans, insects, and arachnids | Arthropods |
| This type of parasite contacts its host only to feed and then leaves | Temporary(intermittent) |
| This is non-parasitic material or artifact but often mistaken for a parasite | Pseudoparasite |
| This is a parasite stage ingested by an animal other than the natural host and then shed in feces of that animal | Spurious parasite |
| This type of host is where a parasite is commonly found and in which the parasite completes it development | Natural(normal)host |
| This type of host is where a parasite is not normally found but is suitable for development of the parasite | Accidental host |
| This type of host is where the parasite is not normally found and is unsuitable for development, migration is usually abnormal | Aberrant host |
| This life cycle involves alteration of parasitic and free living generations | Heterogenic life cycle |
| This life cycle involved little or no alterations with all generations being parasitic or free-living | Homogenic life cycle |
| The stage in a life cycle of a parasite that is capable of producing infection to the host | Infective stage |
| Any agent that transmits an infectious organism | Vector |
| Period of time from infection with a parasite to when clinical signs appear | Clinical incubation period |
| Eating of feces | Coprophagy |
| Disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans | Zoonosis |
| Reinfection by the progeny of a parasite while they are still within the body of the host | Autoinfection |
| A new, superimposed infection of an individual host that already bears infection by the same species of parasite | Superinfection |
| Resistance of host to superinfection that persists only so long as the parasites that provoke it survive and are present in the host | Premunition |
| Restriction of a parasite to one or more kinds of host | Host specificity |
| This parasiticide kills round worms, flukes, and thorny headed worms | Anthelmintics |
| This parasiticide kills mites and ticks | Acraicides |
| This parasiticide kills insects | Insecticides |
| This parasiticide kills protozoan organisms | Antiprotozoals |
| What are the 2 types of solutions used for fecal flotations | Sodiun nitrate(fecasol) and Zinc sulfate |
| This type of parasite diagnostic technique is best for ova that wont float such as Flukes and Tremetodes | Sedimentation |
| This type of parasite diagnostic technique is best for ova that weigh less than the solution | Flotation |
| Visual evidence such as fleas or flea dirt are techniques used to diagnose certain types of | Ectoparasites |
| A skin scraping for mites is a technique used to diagnose certain types of | Ectoparasites |
| Using cellophane tape is a technique used to diagnose certain types of | Ectoparasites |
| Using the skin digestion technique/debris centrifugation technique is used to diagnose certain types of | Ectoparasites |
| A standard fecal flotation is used to diagnose certain types of | Endoparasites |
| A centrifugation fecal flotation is used to diagnose certain types of | Endoparasites |
| A sedimentation examination is used to diagnose certain types of | Endoparasites |
| A direct smear examination is used to diagnose certain types of | Endoparasites |
| The Baermann technique is used to diagnose certain types of | Endoparasites |
| A modified Knott's test is used to diagnose certain types of | Blood parasites |
| A commercial filter technique is used to diagnose certain types of | Blood parasites |
| The buffy coat method is used to diagnose certain types of | Blood parasites |
| ELISA kits are used to diagnose certain types of | Blood parasites |
| Roundworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Hookworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Threadworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Whipworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Heartworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Lungworms are considered | Nematodes |
| Kidney worms are considered | Nematodes |
| Esophageal worms found in the esophageal wall of dogs and cats | Spirocerca lupi |
| Stomach worms of the dog and cat | Physaloptera |
| Dark tarry stool is an indication of | an upper GI bleed |
| The most frequently diagnosed nematodes in young puppies and kittens | Ascarids |
| The proper genus term for roundworms | Ascarids |
| The proper genus term for hookworms | Ancylostoma |
| The proper genus term for threadworms | Strongyloides |
| The proper genus term for whipworms | Trichuris |
| Leeches fall under the class____ and can occur as endo or ectoparasites | Hirudenea |
| These parasites are yellow to brown in color and parasitic to insects | Nematroph adults |
| These parasites are white in color and parasitic to insects | Mermithids |
| These parasites have a translucent anterior with a dark ring and are parasitic to insects | Nematomorph adults |
| These parasites are long and thin and parasitic to insects | Mermithids |
| This type of fecal flotation solution has the distinct advantage of not crystallizing | Sugar(Sheather's solution) |
| This type of fecal flotation solution has high flotation efficiency but will crystallize quickly and distort Giardia cysts | Sodium nitrate |
| This type of fecal flotation solution is best for recovery of Giardia cysts by centrifugal or standing floatation | 33% Zinc sulfate |
| This type of fecal flotation solution is made from Epsom salts, is inexpensive but will rapidly crystallize and distort protozoal cysts | Magnesium Sulfate |
| This type of fecal flotation solution is not recommended since it crystallizes rapidly, will rapidly distort protozoal cysts, and will corrode centrifuges and microscopes | Sodium chloride |
| This method of fecal examination is for recovery of heavy eggs, and can be done as centrifugal or standing method | Sedimentation |
| This method of fecal examination should be able to easily read a newspaper through | Direct smear |
| These are various methods that have been developed for determination of the number of parasite eggs or coccidial oocysts per gram of feces | Quantitative fecal examination procedures |
| This quantitative fecal exam uses either the calibrated vial provided with the kit or requires the weight of the feces and measurement of the flotation solution | Modified McMaster test |
| Ingestion of infective eggs or cysts from contaminated food or water is a | mode of parasite transmission |
| Ingestion of infective larvae is a | mode of parasite transmission |
| Skin penetration by infective larvae is a | mode of parasite transmission |
| Ingestion of infected intermediate or paratenic host is a | mode of parasite transmission |
| Transmission by blood-feeding vectors is a | mode of parasite transmission |
| Transplacental or transmammary transmission are both | modes of parasite transmission |
| Sexual transmission is a | modes of parasite transmission |
| A chemical compound used to treat specific internal and external parasites | parasiticides |
| Isopera felis has the more common name of | Coccidia found in the cat |
| Toxocara canis has the more common name of | Roundworms found in the canine |
| Trichuris vulpis has the more common name of | Whipworm found in the canine |
| Spirocerca lupi has the more common description of | Esophageal worm found in the dog and cat |
| Physaloptera has the more common description of | Stomach worms of dogs and cats |
| Larvae of the Toxocara species crosses the placental barrier to infect offspring except in____ | cats |
| Toxocara cati has the more common description of | Roundworm found in cats |
| Toxascaris leonina has the more common description of | Round worm found in dogs, cats, foxes, and wolves |
| Parasite control involves prevention of ______,_______,and______ | Transmission, infection and reinfection |
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