Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
F. TODD WILLIAN
Pest Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Synapse | junction between 2 neurons or btween a neuron and a muscle. |
| selective herbicide | only kills a certian weed |
| dessicant | herbicide that kills by drying up the plant |
| efficacy | effectiveness |
| activation | stimulation of activity in an organism or a chemical |
| mode of action | entire sequence of events from herbicide contact with plant tissues to morphilogical changes that result from herbicide application |
| biennial weed | weed that lasts for 2 seasons |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter that has a derivative of choline |
| fumigant | chemical substance used in fumignation |
| non-selective herbicide | kills all plants no matter what type they are |
| defoliant | herbicide that causes all the leaves to fall off |
| residual | something left after all parts are gone |
| periennial weed | weed lasting three seasons or more |
| apoplasm | is an important recipient campartment for nemitode secreted protines |
| insect vector | an insect that carries diesease from one plant to another |
| resistant biotype | a biologically enhanced plant that is resistant to certian herbisides |
| allelochemical | biochemicals that influence the growth, development, and survival of other organisms |
| invasive species | a species that is introduced and has a dramatic affect on the environment, physically and economicly. |
| quiescent seed | a seed that will germinate and emerge, given the proper environmental and soil conditions |
| the only insectiside group that does not kill insects by interupting normal nerve transmission | Microbials |
| examples of insecticide common names (active ingredients) | malathion, acephate, lambda cyhalothrin, (any chem. name that does not have a commercial name) |
| weeds compete with crops for | water, light, minerals |
| many of these species are C4 plants | weeds |
| many of these species are NOT C4 plants | crops |
| T or F : the majority of weed species growing in the USA are not native to this country | TRUE |
| T or F : Bienniel weed species will not produce flowers untill the seconed year of growth | TRUE |
| weeds can be hosts for pathogens, especially this pathogen | Viruses |
| define the process of Herbicide Activation: | Soil Applied = Application - Irrigation - Tillage - Activation |
| Phloem-Mobile Herbicides | herbicides that are carried by the Phloem down the plant roots |
| Environmental factors affecting Phloem-Mobile Herbicides: | Flooding, Drought, Temprature, Mineralzation |
| Advantages of insectacides | keep insects and crops off plants, inproved yield, economical |
| Disadvantages of insecticides | poision in food, bad for environment, detramental to water supply |
| 3 names for insectacides | common name, trade name, chemical name |
| How insecticides work to kill insects | Disrupt nervous system |
| How do microbial toxins kill insects | disrupt digestive system |
| 6 major insectacide groupings | organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, chlorinated hydrocarbons, botanicals, microbials |
| Organophosphates | developed in germany as a nicotine substitute, widley used, some are highely toxic to humans Ex: Malathion, Orthene |
| Carbamates | broad spectrum controll EX: Seven, Furadan |
| Pyrethroids | fastest developing group, very low application rates Ex: Pounce (3rd Generation), Warrior (4th Generation) |
| Chlorinated Hydrocarbons | Low toxicity but very persistant, oldest class Ex: DDT, Thiodam, Golden Leaf |
| Botanicals | Utilized widely for organic farming Ex: Pyrethrum |
| Microbials | Derived from Bacteria Ex: BT, Tracer |
| Reasons vertebrate pest problems increasing? | more consentrated crop area, CRP, land useage |
| General controll methods for vertebrates | Habitat mods., Frightning devices, repellants, Toxicants |
| Simple Perennials | reproduce from crown roots or tap roots Ex: Dandelions, Poke weeds |
| Creeping Perennials | reproduce from modified stems(rhizomes, tubers) Ex: Johonson Grass, Bermuda Grass |
| Summer annual weeds | Germinate and emerge during the spring, produce seeds in the fall, die in the fall Ex: cockleborr, water hemp |
| Winter annual weeds | Germinate and emerge during the fall, produce seeds in the spring, die in the spring Ex: Henbit, common chick weed |
| Characteristics of Detramental weeds | Dormancy, grow better, need for water, seed distractions |
| Effects of Detramental weeds | Reduce crop yields, increase production costs, reduce crop quality |
| 4 weed controll methods:(Exampels of each) | (1)Mechanical(Tillage) (2)Cultural(Crop rotation) (3)Biological(GMO) (4)Chemical(Herbicide) |
| Why are weeds considered "Natural" and Crops considered "Unnatural" | You do not have to plant weeds, but you do have to plant crops |
| Factors influencing absorbsion and translocation of Systemic Herbicides | Lifecycle, Environment, Source/sink relationship, Time of Year, Relative Efficacy |
| Contact Herbicides | Kills Fast and on contact through the plant leaves |
| Systemic Herbicides | Slow killer, kills from the inside out via the stem, applied throught the soil, up through the roots/stem |
| Sequence of events for Herbicide mode of action | Absorption-> Translocation-> Site of action-> Morphological change |
| Herbicide Mode of Action Classes: (Examples) | (1)Photosynthetic Inhibitors (2)Amino Acid (3)Biosynthesis Inhibitors (4)Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors (5)Root Growth Inhibitors (6)Carotenoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors (7)Cell Membrane Disruptors (8)Hormone-like Herbicides |
| Photosynthetic Inhibitor | Atrazine |
| Amino Acid Biosynthetic Inhibitors | Glyphosate (Roundup) |
| Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors | Sethoxdium (Poast) |
| Root Growth Inhibitors | Mefolachlor (Dual) |
| Carotenoid Biosynthesis Inhibitors | Clomazone (Command) |
| Cell Membrane Disruptors | Formesafen (Flexstar) |
| Hormone-like Herbicides | 24D |
| Risk factors associated with aquiring Herbicide resistant weed species: | (1)Density of weeds (2)Weed species (3)Frequent use of Herbicides with similar MOA's (4)Crop rotation Scheme (5)Lack of non-chemical control options |
| Cross Resistance | 2 or more Herbicides form a SINGLE resistance |
| Multiple Resistance | Resistance of many Herbicides form 2 or more resistance mechanism |
| KY resistant weed species | Smooth Pigweed, Johnson grass, Marestial |
| Impact of Glyphosate in US Agriculture: | Changed the weed control process for the better started the market for major application weed control |
Created by:
stubaby428