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hjernen

anatomi

QuestionAnswer
Encephalon består af Myelencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, diencephalon og telencephalon.
Afferent impuls sensorisk. signal fra kroppen og op til hjernen.
Efferent impuls Motorisk. signal fra hjernen til kroppen.
Special viceral afferent Lugt og smag
Vertebrae for Hund C=7 T=12-14 L=7 S=3
Vertebrae for hest C=7 T=18 L=5-7 S=5
vertebrae for ko C=7 T=13 L=6 S=5
nævn antal ledflader på de forskellige typer vertebrae. C: atlas 3. axis 4. resten 6. T=12. L=6
atlanto-occipitalled elipsoidalled mellem occipital kondyllerne og atlas's konkave ledflader.
atlanto-axialled drejeled
costovertebrale led sphenoidalled (kugleled) mellem ribben og ryghvirvlerne.
costotransverseled glideled
skulderled art. humeri - sphenoidalled
albueled art. cubiti - sammensat led. Hængselled. Støttes af collaterale ligamenter.
"håndled" art. antebrachiocarpea. Hængselled hos hest. Ellipsoidalled hos hund.
håndrod til fingrene. art. metacarpophalangea. hængselled med collaterale ligamneter og sesamoide ligamenter.
Proximale og distale phalangealled art. interphalangea proximalis/distalis. sadelled med 2 sesamknogler i hvert led.
Hovled Hest. art. interphalangea distalis. saddelled
kronled hest art. interphalangea proximalis.
SI led art. sacroiliaca. glideled. sekundært vægtbærende. Ligamenter. L. sacroiliaca ventrali, dorsalis, sacroiliaca interosseus, sacrotuberale (stort i hest og ko sacrotuberale latum)
hofteled art. coxae. kugleled. primært vægtbærende.
knæled art. genus. sammensat inkongruent hængselled. Sesamknogle = patella. består af femoropatellaris (slædeled) og femorotibialis. 2 meniskus (disc) imellem hvert femoral-tibial led. lig. collaterale + lig. cruciatum cran. et caud. (korsbånd) + lig. patella
hestens passive støtteapparat. låsemekanisme der består af patella og lig. patellaris+ lig. femoropatellaris mediale
hasen art. carpi. sammensat led. cochlear led.
hvilket ligament støtter bøjesenerne frem og bag? Ligamentum accesorium støtter både den dybe og den overfladiske bøjesene i forbenet, men kun den dybe i forbenet.
hvilke ligamenter støtter carpalleddet hos hesten? Lig. collaterale carpi, lig. sesamoidea collateralia, lig. sesamoidea obliquus + rectus.
Nævn ligamenterne i vertebrae. lig. supraspinale, lig. costotransversarium, lig. intercaoitale, (flere)
Ligamenter i si leddet. lig. supraspinata (løber dorsalt), lig. sacroiliaca dorsalia, ventralia, interossea, lig. sacrotuberale (hos Hest og ko meget stort, kaldes lig. sacrotuberale latum.)
vigtigt ligament i nakken og dets fortsættelse i ryggen. Ligamentum nuchae. fortsætter i ligamentum supraspinale.
Ligamenter i genus. Lig. femoropatellaris lat. et med., Lig. collaterale, lig. cruciatum cran. et caud.(korsbånd), lig. meniscofemoralis, lig. patella, (lat. med. intermedium).
Dybe bøjesene, overfladiske bøjesene, gaffelbånd på latin. M. flexor digitorium profundu. M. flexor digitorium superficialis, M. interosseum.
Knoglerne i hesteben danske + latinske betegnelser. Metacarpal=piben. phalanges proximalis=kodeben. Phalanges media=kronben. Phalanges distalis=hovben. sesamknoglen i hoven=hovseneben.
hudens (epidermis) lag stratum- Basale,spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum.
strålen på hest cuneus. med sulci i hver side og en central.
hoven dorsalt->ventralt dermis. Kronbælte, læderhudskronen, læderhudsvæg.
SA Bevidst indadgående. exteroception, propioception, nociception.
SSA Syn + hørelse.
VA Organer. kemisk stimuli og spænding.
SVA Lugt og smag
VE de autonome motoriske baner. Sympatikus => thoracolumbale segment. Parasympatikus=> craniosacrale segment.
SE tværstribede muskler.
Created by: Muj88
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