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RR&F emphasized
Rabbits, Rodents and Ferrets
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| • Ferrets are | carnivores |
| • Ferrets belong to family | mustelidae |
| • Vaccines ferrets need | Rabies (Imrab-3 killed), Distemper (Merial recombinant) |
| • Ferrets are _____ reactions | vaccine |
| • Ferrets are susceptible to ___, ___, ___ which can be treated similar to cats | fleas (C. felis), ear mites (Otodected cynotis), mange (demodectic and sarcoptic) |
| • Why are multiple unmatched transfusions safe in ferrets | no blood types |
| • Abdominal discomfort and nausea in ferrets are often seen clinically with | bruxism, pawing at the face, and drooling |
| • Ferrets are especially prone to this cause of pyloric obstruction | FB* |
| • Ferret gastritis caused by | helicobacter mustelae |
| • Proliferative bowel disease in ferrets is caused by | lawsonia intracellularis |
| • All causes of gastroenterits in ferrets | affect young ferrets, have similar CS (green diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss), require surgery and biopsy, have different tx |
| o Helicobacter tx | Triple abx (amoxicillin, metronidazole, pepto) |
| o IBD tx | prednisone |
| o Proliferative bowel dz tx | chloramphenicol |
| o Eosinophilic gastroenteritis tx | Prednisone + Ivermectin |
| • Epizootic catarrhal enteritis in ferrets is caused by | coronavirus of Ferret Infectious Peritonitis |
| • ECE in ferrets affects | adults |
| • Cardiopulmonary diseases in ferrets | valvular dz, HW, DCM and HCM |
| • Which cardiomyopathy is more common in ferrets | DCM |
| • Viral diseases of ferrets | influenza, canine distemper, Aleutian mink disease (Parvo) |
| • Ferret neoplasia | Lymphoma, benign MCT, benign sebaceous epitheliomas, Chordomas, GI adenocarcinoma |
| • What cause of hind limb atrophy, fever, and pain in ferrets may be elicited by a delayed post-vx reaction | disseminated idiopathic myofasciitis |
| • What are the major endocrine diseases in ferrets | hyperadernocorticism, insulinomas, ovarian remnants, hyperestroginism |
| • Hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets is NOT | Cushings* |
| • Dx and Tx of hyperadrenocorticism in ferrets | Dx: ultrasound of adrenas, Tx: Depo Lupron or surgery* |
| • Severity of hyperestrogenism in ferrets is associated with | severity of anemia |
| • Urogenital diseases of ferrets | urolithiasis, renal failure, hydronephrosis, cystitis, TCC |
| • Most common sx in ferrets | exploratory laparotomy |
| • Complications of adrenal sx in ferrets | life-threatening vena cava bleeding nd recurrence of adrenal disease |
| • Common ferret surgeries | explore, adrenal, prostatic cysts, pancreatic, FB removal, splenectomy, liver biopsy, cystotomy, PU, OHE, neuter, anal gland removal, salivary mucocele removal |
| • In ferret enterotomies, make incision _____ , close _____ | longitudinally, transversely |
| • T/F, pancreatitis is common in ferrets | False |
| • Myomorpha = | rats, mice, hamsters, gerbils |
| • Hystricomorphia = | guinea pigs, chinchillas |
| • Sciurmorpha = | squirrels, prairie dogs |
| • Chromadacryorrhea = | red liquid tears (not blood) do to stress, rats |
| • Chemotherapeutics in rodents require a ___ mg/kg dosage than dogs = | higher |
| • Most important husbandry concern in rodents = | good ventilation |
| • With rodent blood collection, always use ___ = | heparin to prevent clotting* |
| • Very common respiratory disease of rodents treated with doxycycline = | Chronic Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma pulmonis) |
| • Common disease of rodents resulting in pneumonia and sudden death, treated with enro or chloramphenicol = | Pasteurella multocida |
| • A paramyxovirus of young rodents that causes respiratory distress = | Sendai virus |
| • Dental disease of rodents is usually resolved by = | clipping affected teeth |
| • Chronic progressive nephrosis is common in = | rats |
| • Renal amyloidosis is common in = | hamsters |
| • Chronic interstitial nephritis is common in = | gerbils |
| • GI problems in rodents = | antibiotic toxicity, AAE*, salmonella, tyzzer’s disease |
| • What cause tail necrosis in rodents = | low humidity and annular constriction |
| • How do you tx barbering & bite wounds in rodents = | remove dominant animals |
| • What causes pododermatitis in rodents = | rough flooring* |
| • What dermatophytes affect rodents = | Trichophyton* and Microsporum |
| • What external parasites affect rodents = | mites, lice |
| • Rabbits are | lagomorphs |
| • Rabbits have _ upper incisors | 4* |
| • Rabbits secondary incisors are known as | peg teeth |
| • Rabbit teeth exhibit | continuous growth |
| • A concern with rabbit skin | very thin, easy to tear |
| • Rabbits are ____ fermenters and perform ____ | hindgut, coprophagy |
| • Rabbit urine has a ___ pH | high (8-9) |
| • What vessel in the ear can you use for IV injections in rabbits | marginal (small) |
| • The rabbit repro tract is characterized by | bicornuate uterus and 2 cervices |
| • Preferred rabbit diet | high quality grass-hay, limit pellets |
| • What anesthetic drug has no effect in rabbits | atropine |
| • What preventative medication is deadly to rabbits | Fipronil * |
| • How should you never restrain a rabbit and why | scruffing it, may break back |
| • The most important rabbit disease | Pasteurellosis* |
| • Effects of pasteurellosis in rabbits | URI (snuffles), Otitis, pleuropneumonia, bacteremia, abcessess, pyometra |
| • Tx for pasteurellosis in rabbits | supportive, abs (enro, chloramphenicol, TMS) |
| • What may cause torticollis in rabbits | Otitis interna, microsporidiosis, baliscaris, toxoplasmosis, trauma, parasitic cysts) |
| • What causes microsporidiosis in rabbits | Encephalitozoon cuniculi* |
| • What viruses affect rabbits | rabies (rarely), herpes simplex 1, poxvirus (myxomatosis, rabbit fibroma, rabbitpox), papillomavirus, calicvirus |
| • Which rabbit viruses are reportable | myxomatosis, calicivirus |
| • “Trichobezoars” in rabbits may indicate | gastric stasis |
| • Diarrhea is an ____ in rabbits | emergency |
| • Causes of rabbit diarrhea | mucoid enteritis (young, diet related), infectious, abx associated dysbiosis |
| • What abx should you NEVER use in rabbits | clindamycin, lincomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin* |
| • What UG dz affect rabbits | calculi (calcium carbonate), adenocarcinoma |
| • What parasites affect rabbits | cuterebra, fleas, psoroptes cuniculu (ear mites), cheyletiella parasitovorx (rabbit fur mite), noedres cati |
| • What is rabbit syphilis | treponema paraluiscuniculi, “venereal spirochetosis” (tx: penicillin) |
| • Respiratory distress in rats likely due to | mycoplasma*, cilia-associated respiratory bacillus (CAR), streptococcus pneumonia, corynebacterium |
| • Sialodacryoadenitis virus is | rat mumps, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, swelling |
| • Red d/c from eyes and nose of rats is often | chromodacryorrhea* |
| • Rat neoplasia most important | mammary gland fibroadenomas |
| • Viral disease of young mice that causes respiratory distress | sendai virus* |
| • 2 causes of diarrhea in mice | citrobacter freundii and coronavirus |
| • What UG problem causes self-mutilation in mice | urethral obstruction |
| • Mouse neoplasia (3) | mammary gland adenocarcinomas, hepatic carcinomas, lymphcytic leukemia |
| • Pet hamster species = | Syrian hamster |
| • Cause of pneumonia and acute death in hamsters = | Pasteurella multocida* |
| • Hamster virus that can cause human birth defects = | Lymphocytic choriomeningits (LCM) |
| • GI problems in hamsters = | Lawsonia intracellularis, AAE** |
| • Common kidney problem in hamsters = | amyloidosis* |
| • Cardiac problems in hamsters = | aterial thrombosis, cardiomyopathy |
| • Endocrine problem in hamsters = | Cushings |
| • Hamster neoplasia = | adrenal gland adenomas, LSA and trichoepitheliomas, SCC |
| • Pet gerbil species | Mongolian |
| • Cause of diarrhea in gerbils | Tyzzer’s disease (clostridium piliforme)* |
| • Treatment of Tyzzer’s disease | penicillin and tetracycline |
| • Cause of facial dermatitis in gerbils | Staph, chromodacryorrhea* |
| • Causes of swollen inflamed glands in gerbils | scent gland abscess or carcinoma |
| • T/F gerbils have epileptic-like seizures | TRUE |
| • How do you treat tail slip | amputation |
| • Gerbils get periodontal disease from | rat block diets |
| • Gerbil neoplasia | Ovarian granulosa tumors, SCC, melanoma, LSA |
| • GPs get ____ due to ____ deficiency | Scurvy, Vitamin C* |
| • Respiratory disease due to | bordetella, chlamdydia, allergies |
| • GI disease due to | clostridium, coronavirus, bloat |
| • UG disease | cystitis, uroliths |
| • Diseases associated with pregnancy | eclampsia, ketosis, dystocia |
| • GP mange | Trixacarus cavaie* |
| • What GP neoplasia is caused by a retrovirus | LSA |
| • Chinchillas can suffer from ___, especially in FL | heat stroke* |
| • Pneumonia in chinchillas can be caused by | klebsiella, strep |
| • Dermatophytosis of chinchillas due to | Trichophyton*, Microsporum |
| • Treat trichophyton with | itraconazole, lyme dip |
| • Paraphimosis | post-copulatory accumulation of fur around penis |
| • Most common etiology association with bite wound abscess in Chinchillas | Strep or Staph |
| • What is slobbers | genetic disease, CS: hypersalivation, tx: trim teeth |
| • GI problems of chinchillas | constipation, C. perfinges, protozoal enteritis |
| • 2 neuro issues in chinchillas | Listeria, visceral larval migrans (balisacaris)* |
| • A degu with PU/PD, cataract and weight loss, likely dx | Diabetes |
| • Degu that ADR, obesity, and diabetes may also have | hepatic lipidosis |
| • Wire cages and Staph aureas may cause ___ in degus | pododermatitis* |
| • Degu neoplasia | hepatocellular carcinomas, bronchioalveolar carcinomas |
| • Husbandy problems of prairie dogs | obesity, heart disease, pododermatitis, incisor malocclusion |
| • Diseases of prairie dogs | alopecia, plague (Yersinia pestis)*, odontomas, DCM* |
| • Biggest concern when making laparotomy incision | don’t hit cecum* |
| • Why are ovaries hard to find | lots of fat |
| • Rabbit anatomical differences in repro tract | long infundibulum, complex vasculature |
| • Where should you clamp the uterus | 1. Each uterus separately (leave cervices), 2. Right below cervices (may have urinary back up), 3. Far below cervices (risk of ligating ureters) |
| • Biggest issue with castrations | separating peritoneum (directly over testicle) from skin |
| • Pyometra in rabbits often due to | pasteurella |
| • Pododermatitis needs | bandaging |
| • Tibial fractures can be treated | surgically (ortho) or by amputation |
| • Rat flea/rodent cycle disease that caused black death | plague (Yersinia pestis)* |
| • 3 types of typhus | Epidemic (Rickettsia prowazakii), Scrub (Orienta), Murine (Rickettsia typhi) |
| • Hemorrhagic diseases | S. American hemorrhagic fever, Korean hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus (Bunyavirus) |
| • Rodents serve as amplifiers in these disease | RMSF, lyme, hepatits E (calici), arenaviruses (hemorrhagic dz) |
| • Food/water borne diseases | salmonella, yersinoisis, crpto, giardia |
| • Most zoonotic diseases are a concern with ___ rodents | PEST or WILD |
| • Baliscaris is NOT zoonotic, T/F | TRUE |
| • Rodent urine may cause this dz that causes renal failure | Lepto |
| • Rabbit disease causing liver/renal failure | Tularemia |
| • ___ may cause birth defects in humans | LCM* |
| • Rodent and ferret bites could cause | Rabies |
| • E. caniculi can cause ___ | pneumonia |
| • What derm conditions are zoonotic | dermatophytosis, mites, bite/scratch wounds (pasteurella) |
| • What disease affects lab vets | allergies |
| • 2 pox viruses that are zoonotic | monkeypox and cowpox |
| • What disease are ferrets commonly used for human studies (therefore it’s zoonotic | Influenza* |
| • Sugar gliders are not ____, do not ____ | rodents, trim their teeth* |
| • Husbandry problems of sugar gliders | metabolic bone dz, obesity, trauma, alopecia, self-mutilation |
| • Diseases of sugar gliders | salmonella, lymphoma, avian tuberculosis? |
| • What hedgehogs do we keep as pets | African |
| • What is important to know about male porcupines | they have a tubular penis (don’t confuse with testicle) |
| • Hedgehogs are | insectivores |
| • What strange behavior do hedgehogs exhibit | “anting” |
| • Common hedgehog husbandry problems | Met. Bone dz, trauma, obesity, overgrown nails |
| • What time of mange affects hedgehogs | caparina (chorioptic) |
| • What demyelinating paralysis affects hedgehogs | wobbly hedgehog syndrome |
| • Most common cause of epiphora in rabbits | Upper 2ndary premolar root problem |
| • What preferred analgesics are used in rabbits | Buprenorphine* and tramadol |
| • What is the most common cause of oral trauma in rabbits | dental spurs |
| • Incisor malocclusion in rabbits is caused by | inherited mandibular prognathism, fracture, secondary to cheek teeth overgrowth |
| • What is used as elevators in dental extractions of rabbits | 18g needle |
| • Molar malocclusion in rabbits is caused by | low fiber diet, molar overgrowth, periodontal infection, malnutrition, geriatric |
| • What actual etiologies are responsible for dental dz in rabbits | anaerobes, strep |
| • Antibiotics are not effective without ___ in treating ____ | surgery, oral abscesses |
| • What are the big differences btw rabbits and rodent teeth | rabbits have peg teeth, rodents have more angled teeth and a narrower dental arcade |
| • What species get caries other than primates | chinchillas |
| • What dental issues do chinchillas, GPs, and degus have | quidding, ptyalism, slobbers |
| • Prairie dogs suffer from | elodontomas* |
| • Mice/rats/etc only have continuously growing ___ | incisors |
| • Mice/rats have ____ common dental disease than rabbits | less |
| • Hedgehogs and Sugar gliders are not ____ so don’t have ___ teeth | rodents, elodont* |
Created by:
Sara2420
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