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Path Respiratory
Pathology Lectures 13-14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upper Respiratory System function:*** | Filtering of inhaled debris Warming of air Removal of inhaled particles (mucociliary escalator) |
| What is the target of most viruses?*** | mucociliary escalator |
| What is the mucociliary escalator? | ciliated epithelium with goblet cells that together trap and remove foreign particles |
| What is a defect of the microtubules causing chronic recurrent pneumonia, infertility, and transposition of organ?*** | Ciliary dyskinesia (immotile cilia syndrome) |
| What is characterized by too much soft tisssue and not enough bone scaffolding in the palate causing secondary laryngeal edema?*** | Brachycephalic airway syndrome |
| What anomaly of the Upper respiratory system is characterized by a flattening, is observed on rads, and affects miniature dog breeds? | tracheal collpase |
| Describe primary nasal neoplasms: | Epithelial and mesenchymal Dolicocephalic breeds** Mostly benign CS and pathology can be similar to infectious rhinitis* |
| What metastatic neoplasm is seen in the nasal cavity of cats? | LSA |
| What non-neoplastic cause of nasal d/c, sneeze/stertor, gagging, and phonatin change is seen in cats? | Polyps |
| What neoplasm is light tan and spongy and seen in the nasal cavity of dogs? | Fibrosarcoma |
| What is a differential for nasal cavity obstruction in dogs? | fungal -- aspergillosis |
| What is a common cause of upper respiratory disease in cats characterized by rhinotracheitis?** | Feline Herpesvirus 1 (latent infections common) |
| What cells does herpesvirus infect?* | epithelial cells of the respiratory tract |
| What feline virus causes URT but is characterized by oral and nasal ulceration and more commonly causes necrotizing bronchiolitis and bronchointerstitial pneumonia? | Feline Calicivirus |
| What type of pneumonia does calici cause? | bronchointerstitial |
| What is the prognosis for managing a cat with with chronic rhinitis/sinusitis?** | guarded for a complete cure |
| What is unique about the canine respiratory disease complex?* | None of the agents alone seem to cause significant disease |
| What viruses and bacteria are causes of kennel cough?* | Canine parainfluenza virus, Canine adenovirus type 2, Bordetella bronchiseptica |
| Describe parainfluenza: | paramyxovirus minimal! rhinitis tracheitis, bronchitis, and intrstitial pneumonia replicate in epithelial cells and macs concurrent infections w/ distemper and adenovirus |
| Canine Adenovirus 2 is epitheliotropic for ____________ and viral replication produces a ____________ | 1. bronchiolar epithelium 2. severe necrotizing and proliferative bronchitis and bronchiolitis |
| What is the common pathogenesis for many respiratory viruses?**** | Disrupts defense mechanisms and Increases susceptibility to secondary infection (bacteria, fungus, etc) |
| What is the result of viral infection of epithelial cells?* | loss of ciliated cells, decreased mucous layer, and loss of epithelial lining ----> disrupts defense mechanism |
| What is the result of viral infection in macrophages? | alters antigen presentation of macrophages and cytokine release --> disrupts defense mechanism |
| Differentials for a dog with unilateral nasal discharge: | FB, tooth root abscess, neoplasia, fungal |
| Differentials for dry chronic cough in 7 year old dog: | infectious, neoplasia, parasites |
| What endocrine disease may cause mineralization of canine lungs? | Cushings |
| These 2 causes _____ and _____ of chronic ______ may lead to mineralization of the lungs | Uremia and Hypervitaminosis D hypercalcemia |
| What is a cause of exogenous lipid pneumonia in cats? | hairball medication aspirated |
| What is senile ossification | an incidental finding of ectopic boen formation in the lungs of old dogs |
| Primary epithelial neoplasms in the lung of: conduction system = transitional system = exchange system = | 1. bronchogenic carcinoma 2. bronchiolar carcinoma 3. alveolar carcinoma |
| What is the most common type of lung neoplasm? | bronchioaveolar carcinoma |
| Morphology of primary lung tumors: | single nodules, white-grey, smooth to umbilicated, invasive and expansive |
| Primary mesenchymal tumors of the lungs (4): | osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, granular cell tumor, undifferentiated sarcoma |
| metastatic neoplasms of the lung (3) | osteosarcoma, hemagiosarcoma, mammary gland carcinoma other blood borne metastases |
| In primary lung adenocarcinoma in cats where will you see metastasis? | the digits |
| Ddx for multiple nodules that are sessile, fluctuant, random, and dark in color on the lungs (2) | hemangiosarcoma, melanoma |
| Feline _____ is a diagnosis of exclusion characterized by periodic cough and dyspnea | asthma |
| What type of hypersensitivity reaction is feline asthma | 1 |
| Distemper virus is a syngergistic concurrent infection with ___________*** | CPiV, CAV2, and bordetella |
| URIs in dogs may include symptoms: | rhinitis, conjunctivitis, pharyngitis, tracheits, bronchitis |
| Lower respiratory tract lesions: | bronchits, bronciolitis, pneumonia |
| Non-respiratory lesions associated with disteper** | lymphoid atrophy, encephalomyelitis, hyperkeratosis of the skin, and enamel hypoplasia |
| Ag detection of viruses can be taken from what 3 tissues** | lung, stomach, urinary bladder |
| Histopath diagnoses of viruses should come from what 4 tissues: | lung, bronchus, trachea, urinary bladder |
| What will lungs look like following distemper infection: | exudate, necrosis, rib impressions, diffuse |
| Where is bronchopneumonia distributed? | cranial ventral |
| Canine herpesvirus is usually a ____________ resulting in _________________ | generalized disease multifocal hemorrhage and necrosis |
| 4 characteristics of bronchopneumonia**** | inhalation, cranioventral, suppurative, granulomatous w/ higher bacteria |
| Bordetella associated pneumonia is _____________________**** | usually associated with prior or concurrent viral infection |
| What bacterial spp can look like bordetella grossly? | mycoplasma |
| Mycotic pneumonia is characterized as:**** | multifocal, granulomatous, inhales or hematogenous, and affects tracheobronchial LNs |
Created by:
Sara2420
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