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Mice & Rats
Lab Animal
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the average lifespan of a mouse? | 2-3 years |
| At what age do mice reproduce? | 6 weeks of age |
| What is the most commonly used species of mice? | Mus musculus |
| What term refers to animals that are born hairless, eyes closed and mouth closed? HINT: Pinkes* | Altricial |
| What is the most common parasite seen with mice? | Pin worms |
| How many teeth do mice have? | 16 |
| How long is the average gestation period in the mouse? | 19-21 days |
| How large is an average mice litter? | 12-14 avg (Range 1-20) |
| What is the pH of urine from a mouse? | 7.3-8.5 HIGHLY CONCENTRATED |
| What is the average pulse rate of a mouse? | 325-780 BPM |
| What is the average respiratory rate of a mouse? | 60-220 BPM |
| What is the average temp of a mouse? | 97.5-100.4 F |
| Around what age do mice begin to wean? | 3-4 weeks |
| How long is the estrous cycle of a mouse? | 4-5 days |
| Mice reproduce via a ____________ that persists for ________________ hours. | plug, 18-24 hours |
| How long is the breed duration of mice? | 7-9 months |
| What is another name for the "Frizzie" mouse? | Rex |
| What is the most common type of mouse used in lab? | albino mouse |
| What part of it's body does the mouse use for movement and guidance? MED TERM | Vibrissae |
| What structure position behind the eyes of a mouse produces "Blood Tears" when the animal is ill? | harderian gland |
| What is the name of the 5th undeveloped finger on the mouse's forpaw? | pollex |
| True or false. When sexing a mouse, a shorter ano-genital distance lets you know the mice is a male. | False. Female |
| What is the dental formula of a mouse? | 2(I 1/1, M 3/3) 16 total |
| Abscesses in the lymph nodes of a mouse is common with what respiratory disease? | mycoplama pulmosis |
| What is the #1 disease found in Mice? | Mycoplasma pulmosis |
| How many pairs of mammary glands do male and female mice have? | 5 |
| How are injections given to mice? | IP Intraperitoneal |
| What is the family that Mus musculus stems from? | Muridae |
| What is the subfamily that Mus musculus stems from? | Murinae |
| What is the Order that the Mus musculus stems from? | Rodentia |
| True or false. Mice have no sweat glands. | True |
| What temperature should a mouse's environment be? | 64-79 degrees |
| What humidity should a mouse's environment be? | 30-70% |
| What is the ratio for maintenance light requirements for a mouse? | 12:12 |
| What is the ratio for breeding light requirements for a mouse? | 14:10 |
| What are the 3 purposes of bedding? | absorbs waste, insulates and used to make nests |
| What percentage of protein should be included in a mouse's diet? | 23% |
| What percentage of fat should be included in a mouse's diet? | 6.5% |
| What percentage of ash should be included in a mouse's diet? | 8% |
| What is the recommended amount of food for a single mouse? | 4-5g or 1-2 pellets |
| True or false. Tumor development in mice is considered normal. | true |
| When setting up breeding cages what is the male to female ratio? | 1 male to 2-6 females |
| At what age should pups be seperated? | 1 month |
| How soon after birth can tail clipping be done? | 18 days |
| What are various methods of numbering mice? | ear notching, ear tags, tail clip or toe clip |
| How much blood can be collected from the tail of a mouse? | 0.1ml |
| How much blood can be collected from the orbital sinus of a mouse? | 0.5ml |
| How much blood can be collected from the heart of a mouse? | 1ml |
| What site is useful for collecting multiple blood samples throughout the day? | saphenous |
| What is the max amt of fluids that can be given to a mouse in a single dose via IP? | 2ml |
| How do you determine the amt to feed orally in mice? | 1% of body wt |
| When sexing mice/rats which sex has a greater urogenital distance? | male |
| What is MRM? | Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis |
| What is the causitive agent of MRM? | mycoplasma pulmonis |
| What is the most common disease in pocket pets? | MRM |
| What condition is also referred to as "Proximal airway disease"? | MRM |
| What is the medical name for blood tears? | porphyrin staining |
| What condition involves cobblestone lesions on the lungs? | MRM |
| How is MRM diagnosed? | IFA and ELISA |
| What are the 2 most common forms of treatment for MRM? | tetracycline or baytril |
| What is the causitive agent of tyzzers disease? | clostridium piliforme |
| What condition includes CS such as lethargy, ruffled fur and diarrhea, and is caused by clostridium piliforme? | Tyzzers dz |
| True or false. Rats are affected more often than mice by Tyzzer's dz. | False (Mice more) |
| How is Tyzzer's transmitted? | direct |
| What condition will one see pale foci from liver necrosis? | Tyzzers dz |
| What is the TOC for Tyzzers? | oxytetracycline |
| What is the formula for drug calculation? | (wt (kg) X dosage)/conc in ml |
| What are the 2 common types of salmonella? | enteritis and typhimurium |
| What type of bacteria is salmonella? | gram neg bacillus |
| CS of salmonella are most common in what age group of mice? | suckling and weanlings |
| Pale foci on the liver, spleenomegaly AND increased neutrophils are commonly found in this disease | salmonella |
| What is the primary method of transmission for S. aureus? | fights/scratching |
| What is the major pathogen of the skin of rats and mice? | S. Aureus |
| What disease will you commonly see pyoderma and ulcerative dermatitis as well as abscesses or granulomas affecting the face and tail base? | S. Aureus |
| What is used to treat S Aureus? | nolvasan |
| What virus is associated with coronavirus and is the most common virus found in lab animals? | SDAV - Sendai Virus |
| How long is the incubation period of SDAV? | 1 week |
| What is the first sign of SDAV? | porphyrin eye staining |
| What condition will one see submandibular salivary glands red/atelectatic lungs in mice? | SDAV |
| Define atelectatic. | collapsed lung |
| What condition is the mouse the only natural host of and usually lasts for 2-3 weeks? | MHV - Mouse hepatitis virus |
| What age group will you most commonly see MHV in? | Young nursing pups |
| How is MHV diagnosed? | ELISA |
| Define EDIM. | Epizootic diarrhea of infant mice |
| What condition commonly affects mice from birth to 17 days old and causes yellow/watery diarrhea? | rotavirus |
| What type of mite is typically found on the back of the head and back? | myobia musculi |
| What type of mite has 2 claws? | radfordia affinis |
| Define acariasis. | Mite infestation |
| What rare species of mite has more than 3 claws? | Myocoptes musculinus |
| What is the best method for testing for pinworms? | tapetest |
| What type of pinworms is found ONLY in fecal floats? | aspiculuris tetraptera |
| What type of pinworms is found ONLY by the tape test method due to a collection of eggs surrounding the anus and are banana shape? | syphacia obvelata |
| What is the most common type of pinworm? | syphacia obvelata |
| What are the 2 common type of tapeworms in pet mice? | rodentolepis nana and hymenolepsis diminuta |
| What type of tapeworm has polar filaments is zoonotic? | rodentolepsis nana |
| What is the most common type of tumor in mice? | mammary adenocarcinoma |
| What is the prognosis for mammary adenocarcinoma in mice? | poor, very invasive |
| What behavioral problem commonly involves alopecia on the head without lesions? | barbering |
| Where are bite wounds in mice most commonly found? | face, genitals and back |
| What condition are mice genetically predisposed to and can cause starvation due to pain? | malocclusion |
| What species of rat is most commonly used in lab animals? | rattus norvegicus |
| What are the 2 most common types of norway rats? | wild and albino |
| What rat species is the black rat? | rattus rattus |
| What is the most common outbred rat stock? | sprague dawley |
| What rat stock is also referred to as the hooded rat? | long evans |
| What type of skeleton involves the mandible, vertebra and ribs? | axial |
| What type of skeleton involves the limbs and pelvis? | appendicular |
| What is the shared dental formula of rats and mice? | 2 (I 1/1 C 0/0 P 0/0 M 3/3) |
| What feature of a rat is thermogenic and allows rats to survive days without eating? | brown fat |
| What are the 2 primary functions of brown fat? | stores glycogen and regulates temperature |
| What part of the stomach prevents vomiting in the rat? | limiting ridge |
| True or false. Rats have gallbladders. | False |
| True or false. The stomach of a rat is glandular. | False (Part glandular, part nonglandular) |
| What vitamin is contained in rat/mice feces that is produced by bacterial action in the colon? | vitamin b |
| How many pairs of mammary glands do rats have? | 6 |
| How long is the estrous cycle in rats? | 4-5 days |
| How long is the gestation of a rat? | 19-23 days |
| What is the average litter size of a rat? | 6-12 |
| What is the name for the phenomenon of coming into heat shortly after giving birth? | postpartum estrus |
| What is the lifespan of a rat? | 2.5-3 years |
| True or false. Rats are nocturnal. | True |
| True or false. Female rats are more sociable than male rats. | false |
| What condition is prevented in rats by keeping the humidity greater than 40%? | ringtail |
| How much blood can be collected from the tail vein of a rat? | 0.1-1ml |
| What part of the body of a rat is used to regulate body temp by dilating and constricting of vessels? | tail |
| What veins in the tail are used for blood collection? | lateral |
| How much blood can be collected via a cardiac stick in a rat? | 3% of the body wt |
| How do you determine the amount of food that can be fed orally to a rat? | 1% of body wt |
| What are the 3 factors for determining proper dosage? | age, sensitivity and route |
| What 3 medications are used for chemical restraint in rats/mice and are not a type of anesthesia? | acepromazine, diazepam and fentanyl/droperidol. |
| What medication is used as a premed to reduce saliva/fluid production and to maintain heart rate? | anticholinergics |
| What is the most commonly used anticholinergic used in mice and rats? | glycopyrrolate |
| What cocktail is used to restrain rats/mice and has a short duration of action of 30 minutes? | xylazine/ketamine |
| What cocktail is used for minor surgical procedures and usually has a prolonged recovery? | tilazol |
| What cocktail is known as tilazol? | tiletamine/zolazepam |
| What medication is used with tilazol to increase recovery rate? | xylazine |
| What is the inhalant anesthesia of choice in mice and rats? | isoflurane |
| What strand of strep is commonly found in rats that humans are the primary reservoir for? | streptococcus pneumoniae |
| S. Pneumoniae commonly affects which age group of rats? | young |
| S. Pneumoniae clinical signs resemble what condition in rats? | URT infection |
| What are the 3 pathologic findings of S. Pneumoniae? | fibrinopurulent pleuritis, pericarditis and otitis media |
| What is used to treat rat bite fever? | penicillin |
| What is the causitive agent for Rat Bite Fever? | Streptobacillus moniliformis |
| True or false. Haverhill is zoonotic. | True |
| What condition is known as "Haverhill"? | rat bite fever |
| True or false. Diarrhea is commonly found in rats with Tyzzers. | False (Mice) |
| Dermatitis is commonly found on what parts of the body of a rat? | face, head and back of head. |
| Photophobia and sniffling/nasal crackles are commonly found with what virus? | SDAV |
| What is SDAV? | Sialodacryoadenitis virus |
| How long should breeding be ceased for when treating SDAV in rats? | 2 months |
| What is RMV and what type of virus is it? | Rat minute virus; parvovirus |
| What is the only parvo virus strand reported to cause clinical disease in rats? | RV (Rat Virus) |
| What species of mite is known as the "Rat Fur Mite"? | Radfordia ensifera |
| What species is also known as the rat pinworm? | Syphacia muris |
| What is the TOC for rat winworms? | Piperazine |
| What is the most common tumor found in rats? | mammary fibroadenoma |
| True or false. Mammary fibroadenoma found in rats is almost always benign. | True |
| Define ptyalism. | Slobbering |
| Hyperemic scrotum is pathognomonic of what condition in rats? | Heat exhaustion |
| What is the primary cause of ringtail in rats? | low environmental humidity |
| What is the only known strain of parvo virus that affects rats? | Rat Virus |
| True or false. Male pinworms are larger than female pinworms. | False |
| What is the main sign seen with pituitary chromophobe adenoma? | prolactin secretion |
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