Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
VTPB 911 other info
random questions, extra info, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pathogen or saprophyte? -Leptospira interrogans; -Leptospira biflexa | L. interrogans: pathogen; L. biflexa: saprophyte |
| Leptospira: list 4 characteristics of host-adapted serovars | milder disease - mild, sporadic infections; long-term colonization of urogenital tract; venereal transmission; low-titer, long-lasting immune response (persistent) |
| Leptospira: list 3 characteristics of non-adapted serovars | severe infections; brief carrier state; high-titer immune response |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar icterohaemorrhagiae? | rodents |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar grippotyphosa? | rodents |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar canicola? | dogs |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar bratislava? | swine |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar pomona? | cattle, swine |
| Leptospira: what is the maintenance host/reservoir for the serovar hardjo? | cattle |
| leptospira can OR cannot penetrate intact skin? | cannot; must have broken skin |
| in canine leptospirosis, which serovars were used in "old" vs "new" vaccines? | old: icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola; new: grippotyphosa, pomona |
| which serovar causes acute bovine leptospirosis? | pomona; causes abortion storms |
| which serovar causes subacute bovine leptospirosis? | hardjo; causes abortion/stillborn/weak calves, but not in a storm |
| discuss leptospira zoonosis | all serovars are potential human pathogens; cause flu-like symptoms |
| Leptospira: which serovars infect horses? | pomona, others; abortion, and recurrent uveitis (more common) ensues |
| Leptospira: which serovars infect dogs | grippotyphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, pomona; hepatic/renal disease ensues |
| Leptospira: which serovars infect cattle? | pomona, hardjo; abortion ensues |
| most common animal affected by Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)? | dogs > horses > cattle > cats |
| what is special about vaccine for borrelia in dogs? | works in tick, not the dog; blocks transmission; immunity is short-lived; includes bacterin - both OspA & OspC, but most dogs don't respond to OspC - dogs only make Ab to OspA OR can be recombinant OspA only |
| Lyme disease symptoms | most are asymptomatic; transient fever, anorexia, arthritis (slowly progressive); rarely: renal disease, heart disease, neurologic signs |
| B. Burgdorferi zoonosis? | yes; animal-> human transmission; indirect through a tick vector but NOT dog -> human |
| Why is C6 antibody useful in diagnostics for B. burgdorferi? | only appear in exposed animals; no Ab's in response to vaccination; will be detected before clinical symptoms appear |
| which bacterium causes gas bubbles in infected tissue? | clostridium; also cause pitting edema |
| C. novyi type D used to be named what? | C. haemolyticum |
| why does Clostridium botulinum have no endotoxins? | it is not gram - |
| what species are most susceptible to C. tetani/ | man, horses > ruminants > pigs > dogs, cats |
| predisposing features for Fusobacterium necrophorum in cattle? | lead to liver abscesses; grain overload, lactic acidosis, rumenitis -> Fusobacterium invades rumen wall -> reaches liver via portal vein |
| what type of envirtonment does dichelobacter like? | warm, wet, muddy conditions |
| mycoplasma: are large-colony type or small-colony type more virulent | small-colony type ar emore virulent |
| characterize the bovine mastitis caused by mycoplasma bovis | can be acute or chronic; contagious! |
| how is mycoplasma spread in poultry? | aerosol (horizontal); hatching egg (vertical) |
| characteristics of icteroanemia/eperythrozoonosis? | Mycoplasma suis - porcine infection; acute hemolytic anemia, decreased conception, weak neonates, necrosis of extremities; transmitted by biting arthropods |
| Nomenclature change: what is the old name of Ehrlichia ruminantium? | cowdria ruminantium |
| Nomenclature change: what is the old name of anaplasma phagocytophilum? | ehrlichia phagocytophila, ehrlichia equi |
| Nomenclature change: what is the old name of anaplasma platys? | ehrlichia platys |
| Nomenclature change: what is the old name of neorickettsia risticii? | ehrlichia risticii |
| Nomenclature change: what is the old name of coxiella burnetii? | rickettsia burnetti |
| rocky mountain spotted fever clinical sympotoms | fever, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombosis, small hemorrhages (petechiae), lymph node enlargement, joint/muscle tenderness |
| ehrlichia canis, ewingii: acute vs subclinical vs chronic phases? | acute: fever, LN enlargement; subclinical: asymptomatic, elimination of bacterium; chronic: vasculitis, thrombocytopenia (immune-mediated?), hemorrhage |
| Ehrlichia zoonosis? | E. ewingii = human granulocytic ehrliciosis; E. canis = rare; E. chaffeensis = human monocytic ehrlichiosis, similar to E. canis |
| what animals/cells are attacked by anaplasma marginale? | cattle, erythrocytes |
| what animals/cells are attacked by anaplasma phagocytophilum? | ruminants, horses, dogs, human; granulocytes |
| what animals/cells are attacked by anaplasma platys? | dogs, platelets |
| 4 stages of anaplasma marginale? | incubation -> development -> convalescent -> carrier |
| neorickettsia: reservoir? intermediate host? | R: flukes (trematodes); IH: snails, fish (salmon) |
| Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) zoonosis | occupational disease: farmers, veterinarians, abbatoir workers; flu-like symptoms |
| C. burnetti - biosecurity? | has been weaponized; efficient aerosol transmission; survives in environment |
| Q fever in animals? | most infections are asymptomatic or latent; sporadic abortions |
| all chlamydophila used to be called what? | chlamydia psittaci |
| respiratory symptoms in M. gallisepticum & C. psittaci? | M: coughing, nasal discharge, air sacculitis; C: oculonasal discharge, respiratory distress, air sacculitis (also causes loss of condition systemically & diarrhea) |
| Chlamydophila psittaci: shedding? | may occur sporadically over long periods of time; stress may precipitate disease/shedding |
| Chlamydophila psittaci: zoonosis? | reportable; causes Psittacosis - flu-like, pneumonia; from pet birds & poultry; at risk - bird owners, pet shop employees, veterinarians, poultry workers |
| chlamydophilia felis: persistence | disease resolves without treatment, but organisms may persist; shedding of agent may be prolongs, stress may lead to clinical relapse |
| chlamydophilia felis: zoonosis? | mild conjunctivitis; rare |
| chlamydophilia abortus & abortions | sporadic or abortion storms, depending on flock immunity; organism may remain latent until late pregnancy |
| chlamydophilia abortus: zoonosis? | reports of clamydial abortion following exposure to aborting sheep; at risk: abattoir workers, vaccine manufacturing workers, laboratory scientists |
| fungi are more closely related to plants or animals? | animals |
| ways to classify fungi? mold/yeast/fungi-like | mold (multicell, filamentous/fuzzy)/yeast (single cell, reproduce by budding)/ fungal-like (resemble fungi) |
| way to classify fungy? disease | cutaneous/SubQ / systemic / opportunistic / fungal-like |
| microsporum canis | #1 dermatophyte at TVMDL; wide host range (mostly cat/dog); cat - primary reservoir, often asymptomatic; only animal dermatophyte that is wood's light + |
| microsporum gypseum | #2 dermatophyte at TVMDL; wide host range (dog, cat, horse); reservoir: soil |
| trichophyton mentagrophytes | #3 most common dermatophyte at TVMDL; wide host range (cat, dog, cattle); reservoir: rodent |
| sporothrix schenckii: transmission? | puncture wounds from thorns, bites, etc |
| sporotrichosis: zoonotic? | yes; direct contact with lesions/contaminated bandages; especially from cats; cats shed fungus in exudates, feces; can be isolated from clinically normal cats |
| characteristics of systemic fungi (5) | agents of 'deep mycoses'; thermally dimorphic; infection by inhalation; host factors important in disease course; generally noncontagious (most infections from the environment) |
| 3 varieties of H. capsulatum? Which is in the US? | H. capsulatum farciminosum (N Africa, Europe, India, Russia); H. capsulatum duboisii (Africa); H. capsulatum capsulatum (US) |
| H. capsulatum capsulatum - reservoir & transmission? | world-wide; mississippi & ohio river valleys; strongly associated with bird & bat droppings; transmitted by inhalation |
| Histoplasmosis: canine infection | most susceptible species; young outdoor sporting breeds; 3 forms - subclinical (most common), pulmonary, disseminate (GI, skin, lymphatics, CNS, BM, eyes, liver, spleen) |
| Histoplasmosis: feline infection | rare, progressive, debilitating (weight loss, lethargy, fever); 44% of cats in endemic areas may harbor yeast in tissues |
| Histoplasmosis: public health | most common human pulmonary mycosis; disseminated disease (impairment of host immunity, elderly/immunocompromised, dormancy in macrophages & reactivation); disease in healthy indiv: overwhelming inoculum of organisms; interspp. transmission unlikely |
| Blastomycosis: canine infection | dog/human - natural host; 25% infections are fatal; clinical forms-systemic/disseminated or cutaneous; clinical signs depend on organ affected (dyspnea, anorexia, depression, lameness, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions) |
| Blastomycosis: public health | zoonotic transmission uncommon - percutaneous infection (bite from a dog), vets performing necropsies; humans - natural host; low prevalence in endemic areas; pneumonia & weight loss most common symptoms |
| Coccidioidomycosis: importance? | most virulent fungal pathogen; fewer than 10 arthroconidia can cause infection; CDC/APHIS select agent status |
| coccidioidomycosis: 2 species | Coccidioides immitis (San Joaquin Valley, CA); coccidioides posadasii |
| coccidioidomycosis: who does it infect? | most commonly: humans, dogs, horses, llamas; other: cattle, sheep, swine, cats, exotic spp |
| coccidioidomycosis: canine infection | 80% pulmonary dz, 20% disseminated dz; weight loss, dyspnea, anorexia, cough, lameness, draining tracts, abscesses |
| coccidioidomycosis: equine infection | disseminated most common |
| coccidioidomycosis: llama infection | VERY susceptible; respiratory, dermatitis, osteomyelitis, meningitis |
| coccidioidomycosis: public health | >50% infections in humans are asymptomatic; influenza-like to severe pneumonia; disseminated disease (bones, joints, skin, CNS), fatal in immunocomp indiv; zoonotic trans - spherules (tissue form) are not infectious, possible transmission in necropsy |
| cryptococcosis: 2 pathogenic species | cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii |
| 4 antigenic types of cryptococcosis neoformans | A: C. neoformans grubii; B&C: C. neoformans gattii; D: C. neoformans neoformans |
| cryptococcosis: feline infection | most common systemic fungal infection in cats; primary site - nasal cavity (rostral cavity - mycotic rhinitis, nasal d/c, distortion of nasal cavity; caudal cavity - olfactory bulbs->meningitis); hematogenous spread-cutaneous, ocular lesions |
| cryptococcosis: canine infection | less common than in cats; respiratory tract, eye, skin, periphral LN, CNS |
| cryptococcosis: equine infection | meningitis, nasal granuloma, abortion, pneumonia |
| cryptococcosis: avian infection | rarely affected clinically; are reservoirs; sporadic infection in exotic & wild birds |
| C. gattii infects whom? | normal, healthy humans & animals; cats, dogs, goats, sheep, horses, koalas, opposums, cheetah |
| which systemic fungi are or are NOT thermally dimorphic? | all are! Coccidioidomycosis, blastomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis |
Created by:
shelbell8389
Popular Veterinary sets