Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
VET 1250 Final Rev
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What compartment of the heart has the thickest wall? | left ventricle |
| these blood vessels do not have muscles in their walls | capillaries |
| the heart muscle is called | myocardium |
| what are the largest leukocytes in an animal's circulation | monocytes |
| closing of the semilunar valves corresponds to which of the following | S2 |
| what organ stores blood to be used when oxygen is needed | spleen |
| what makes erythrocytes red | hemoglobin |
| which cell does not phagocytize foreign material | lymphocytes |
| which of the following occurs during systole | cardiac muscle contracts, blood is ejected from the ventricles in the arteries, blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles |
| which valve has two flaps | mitral |
| what term is used to describe the production of antibodies (or immunoglobulins) by plasma cells | humoral immunity |
| which leukocyte is involved in antibody production and cellular immunity | lymphocyte |
| what makes plasma yellow | bilirubin |
| what is the parent cell of the platelet | megakaryocyte |
| what part of the heart is in the tip of the apex | left ventricle |
| what part of the heart is in the tip of the apex | left ventricle |
| at what level is the heart in horses and ruminents | between the second and sixth rib |
| what is the name of clotting factor IV | calcium |
| the three granulocytes are | eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils |
| which vein is often used for venipuncture in rodents | coccygeal |
| what is the name of the connection between the right and left atria in the fetus | foramen ovale |
| what vein lies along the medial aspect of the hind limb between the groin and tarsal joint | femoral |
| to what does O2 attach in erythrocytes | iron that is part of the heme group |
| what organ releases erythropoietin to stimulate erythrocyte production by the bone marrow | kidney |
| what immunoglobulin is made during the first exposure to an antigen | IgG |
| Where does blood that has just been oxygenated in the lungs flow next | left atrium |
| what does the T wave represent on the electrocardiogram | repolarization of the ventricles |
| the process of coating invading microorganisms with specific antibodies that help neutrophils phagocytize them is called | opsonization |
| deoxygenated blood enters the heart in the cranial and caudal vena cavae | true |
| an electrocardiogram is the representation of the electric current passing through the heart | true |
| the tricuspid valve prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium | false |
| the spleen is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body | true |
| after antigenic stimulation, B cells transform into plasma cells | true |
| these contain histamine and heparin/ allergic reaction | basophil |
| anti-inflammatory response, humoral immunity, phagocytosis of parasitic | eosinophil |
| engulf microorganisms and other microscopic debris in tissue, granules are lysosomes | neutrophil |
| clean up cellular debris following inflammation/infection | monocyte |
| what are the main functions of blood | transport, regulate, defense |
| difference between plasma and serum | plasma= clotting factors serum=none |
| common function of all white cells | provide defense against foreign invaders |
| what are the 3 functions of platelets | maintenance of vascular integrity, platelet plug formation, stabilization of the hemostatic plug by contributing to fibrin formation |
| T cell attaches to an antigenic site and becomes sensitized then divides to form different cells | cell-mediated immunity |
| production of antibodies | humoral immunity |
| secretin and cholecystokinin are produced by the | cells lining the small intestine |
| the target for epinephine and norepinephrine is | the whole body |
| a deficiency of ADH in the body causes | diabetes insipidus |
| somatotropic hormone works to promote | the hyperglycemic effect |
| calcitonin | functions to prevent hypercalcemia |
| the pituitary gland is also called | hypophysis |
| mineralocorticoid that causes sodium ions to be reabsorbed by the kidney back into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions | aldosterone |
| rising amounts of this hormone in the blood cause the anterior pituitary to produce less and less FSH | estrogen |
| in most animals ovulation occurs when this hormone reaches its peak | LH |
| two other hormones in addition to glucagon that function to raise blood sugar levels are | growth hormones and glucocorticoids |
| calcium plays in an important roll in | milk secretion, muscle contraction, blood clotting |
| thyroid hormone affects the metabolism of proteins, lipids, and carbs similar to | GH |
| the posterior pituitary gland receives these hormones from the hypothalamus | oxytocin and LH |
| this structure produces progestin hormones needed to maintain pregnancy | corpus luteum |
| the production of thyroid hormone | increases with exposure to cold temperature |
| hormone secretion is usually controlled by | negative feedback systems |
| this hormone helps trigger and maintain lactation | prolactin |
| testosterone is a steroid with an overall ______ effect | anabolic |
| LH is also known as | interstitial cell-stimulating hormone |
| the pancreas provide insulin which functions to | lower blood levels of glucose |
| these hormones help to maintain blood pressure, resist effects of stress, cause blood glucose to rise, and are also known as steroids | glucocorticoids |
| this hormone stimulates strong uterine contractions in the uterus at the time of parturition | oxytocin |
| stimulates the lining cells of follicles in the female to produce estrogen | FSH |
| another name for somatotropic hormone is | growth hormone |
| the neurohypophysis stores hormones produced in the hypothalamus | true |
| the posterior pituitary is also known as the neurohypophysis | true |
| thyroid hormone allows an animal to generate heat and maintain a constant internal body temp when temperature outside changes | true |
| insulin has a hyperglycemic effect in the body | false |
| if the thyroid hormone level in the blood is too hight, TSH release is decreased | true |
| in males spermatogenesis is stimulated by FSH | true |
| the chemical messengers for the nervous system are hormones and the for the endocrine system are neurotransmitters | false |
| oxygen is carried on hemoglobin in | RBC |
| Eosinophils help responds to allergic reactions and anaphylaxis | true |
| Neutrophil granuels dont stain. These cells are considered neutral. They are easily identifiable because they are segmented | true |
| platelets maintain_____ form the platlet plug, and stabilize the homeostatic plug. | vascular integrity |
| Lymphocytes have ______ round_____ nucleus that takes up most of the cell | Large; unsegmented |
| at what level is the heart in horses | between the 2nd and 6th rib |
| where does blood that has just been oxygenated in the lungs flow next | to the left atrium |
| a reflex arc commonly used to assess the depth of anesthesia is | pupillary light reflex |
| sensations from the gastrointestinal tract are provided by this nerve | CN X, vagus |
| the two principle divisions that make up the nervous system are the | peripheral and central |
| when you pet a dog, which receptors send a sensation from the skin to the dog's brain | afferent |
| the two types of cells found in the nervous system | neurons and glia cells |
| the part of the nervous system that controls involuntary nervous system functions is the | autonomic nervous system |
| the blood-brain barrier is found in the | capillaries |
| cells that produce myelin for the cells of the spinal cord and brain are the | oligodendrocytes |
| the electrical difference in charges across a neuron cell membrane is | the resting membrane potential |
| somatic reflex arcs involve | skeletal muscle |
| which of the following neurotransmitters is a catecholamine: enkephalin, acetylcholine, endorphin, dopamine | dopamine |
| this supplies a rich network of blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the superficial tissues of the brain and spinal cord | meninges |
| during the relative refractory period, the cell may depolarize if | the stimulus is much larger than normal |
| an influx of ____ into the synaptic knob results in the fusing of vesicles containing neurotransmitters with the knob's cellular membrane | calcium |
| an action potential can be described as | a large change in electrical charge from negative to positive inside the cell |
| the types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord are called | sensory neurons |
| cells that are important in the blood brain barrier are the | astrocytes |
| during repolarization | potassium ions move out of the cells |
| the gray matter of the spinal cord contains | neuron cell bodies |
| cells that support neurons structurally and functionally are called | neuroglia |
| the sympathetic nervous system causes | pupil dilation, constriction of small blood vessels supplying the kidneys, skin, and gastrointestinal tract |
| increases heart rate | acetylcholine |
| the part of the brain responsible for learning, intelligence, and awareness ("higher-order" functions) is | cerebrum |
| the brainstem includes the | pons, midbrain, and medulla oblongata |
| the sodium-potassium pump moves potassium ions from inside to outside the neuron's cell membrane | false |
| during depolarization, sodium ions move into the neuron | true |
| nicotinic and muscarinic are names from adrenergic receptors | false |
| spinal nerves are in the cns | false |
| in a flight or fight situation, activity in the gastrointestinal tract is increased | false |
| nerves for the sympahtetic nervous system emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebral regions in the back | true |
| a nerve impulse is a wave of depolarization along the cell membrane | true |
| the myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier work together to enhance the speed of conduction of nerve impulses along axons | true |
| portion of gray matter of the spinal cord that conducts sensory impulses | dorsal horn |
| middle of the major branches of the brachial plexus | median nerve |
| section of the brain responsible for subconscious functions | diencephelon |
| brain and spinal cord | central nervous system |
| section of the brain responsible for learning, intellegence, and awareness | cerebrum |
| nerve found on the medial surface of thigh near the femoral artery | femoral nerve |
| structure of the brain made of nerve fibers connect to R and L hemispheres | corpus callosum |
| nerve cell, basic functional unit | neuron |
| middle layer of the meninges | arachnoid |
| nerve that carry messages away from the brain to the rest of the body | motor nerve |
| fold in the cerebrum, and cerebellum | gyrus |
| portion of the diencephelon links the brain with the pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| cranial nerve vII | facial nerve |
| connective tissue layer that covers the brain and spinal cord | meninges |
| section of the brain that is a passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum | brain stem |
| section of the brain responsible for movement balance, posture, and reflexes | cerebellum |
| large nerve found on the lateral side of the hind leg beneath the biceps muscle | sciatic nerve |
| shallow fissures that seperate the gyri | sulcus |
| outer fibrous layer of the meninges | dura mater |
| cnc made up of neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated nerve fibers | gray matter |
| cranial nerve x | vagus nerve |
| collection of nerve fibers in the cns that are surrounded by myelin | white matter |
| nerves originate from the brain | cranial nerves |
| largest most cranial of the branches of the brachial plexus | radial nerve |
| part of the diencephalon that acts as a relay station for regulating sensory impulse | Thalamus |
| Explain what is occurring during Depolarizations | Na+ channel opens allowing Na+ ions to flow into the cell quickly |
| Explain what is occurring during Repolarization | Na+ channels close and K+ channels open allowing K+ to flow out of the cell. |
| If an animal is not pregnant, the corpus luteum degenerates at the end of diestrus | true |
| what occurs during capacitation | release of digestive enzymes from the acrosome |
| sperm cells develop in the | seminiferous tubules |
| What happens if an ovum has been fertilized and implants in the uterus? | the corpus luteum is maintained, progesterone is produced |
| Where does fertilization USUALLY take place | fallopian tube |
| Metritis may develop in ruminants if part of the placenta is retained | true |
| Which animal is diestrous? fox, cattle, dog, swine | dog |
| The hormone that causes the formation of the corpus luteum and is also the ovulation hormone is: | lh |
| If estrogen in the female is the counterpart of testosterone in the male, then which part of the ovary would be the counterpart of the interstitial cells of the testes? | granulosa cells |
| The tube that leaves the scrotal sac and enters the abdominal cavity is the | ductus deferens |
| What hormone helps transport spermatozoa to the oviduct inside the uterus | oxytocin |
| In cold conditions, this muscle contracts to pull the testes up closer to the body for warmth | cremaster |
| The tube that carries sperm out of the body and is also part of the urinary system is the | urethra |
| What structure connects the fetus to the placenta | umbilical cord |
| In which animal would you expect to find diffuse attachment of the placenta to the uterus during pregnancy | horse |
| regarding oogenisis: | Primary oocytes have a normal diploid chromosome number for each species |
| What is the significance of the bulb of the glans in the dog | When it is enlarged, it is impossible for the male to withdraw from the female |
| Which hormone keeps the myometrium calm and quiet during gestation | progesterone |
| What hormone level must increase (or surge) before ovulation will occur | lh |
| Where are androgens produced in the male | interstitial cells |
| Which of the following occur during estrus | Physical and behavioral changes signal the female’s willingness to breed to the male. |
| When gametes unite, they form | zygote |
| Which layer of placenta attaches to the uterus | chorion |
| After ovulation, the hormone-secreting remnant of the follicle is called the: | corpus luteum |
| The acrosome of the sperm cell | contains enzymes that help break down the covering of the ovum |
| In what part of the female reproductive tract does mitosis begin within the zygote | oviduct |
| Which of the following occur during proestrus | The epithelial lining of the vagina cornifies |
| What hormone causes muscle-like myoepithelial cells around the alveoli and small ducts to contract | oxytocin |
| What is the name of the process that involves the uterus gradually returning to its nonpregnant size | involution |
| Which cells have a haploid chromosome number | spermatozoa and ova |
| What is another name for interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)? | lh |
| Why is the midpiece of the spermatozoon referred to as the “power plant” of the cell? | It contains many energy-producing mitochondria |
Created by:
maiken
Popular Veterinary sets