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Anesthesia Equipment
Junior - Small Animal Anesthesia Lecture 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the 4 component subsystems of the anesthesia gas machine | High pressure system, low pressure system, breathing system, and scavenging system |
| What makes up the high pressure system | pipeline and cylinder gas supplies |
| What is the low pressure system | where the O2 and anesthetic gas mixture are blended |
| What is the breathing system | where the anesthetic gas mixture is delivered to the patient |
| What is the scavenging system | it collects excess gas from the breathing system and transports it to the waste gas evacuation system |
| What is the operating pressure of the pipeline gas supply | 50-55psig |
| What is the direction of gas flow | high pressure --> low pressure --> breathing system --> patient --> breathing system --> scavenging system --> waste gas evacuation |
| Characteristics of E tanks | attached to anesthetic machine, full tanks contain 660L of gaseous O2, more expensive than H tanks |
| Characteristics of H tanks | most common O2 source in private practice, usually stays in one room, pressure regulator and pressure gauge attached, full tank contains 6900L of gaseous O2, pressure proportional to contents |
| True or False, larger cylinders are more economical | TRUE |
| Liquid Oxygen - characteristics | better source of O2 when large quantities are needed, must be kept below -297F, only economical when high-volume demand |
| What is the pressure regulator | regulates the pressure of the gas source as it enters the anesthetic machine to facilitate a constant pressure and flow to the flowmeter despite the continuous drop of pressure in the cylinder |
| What pressure does the cylinder pressure regulator reduce to ? | approximately 45 psig |
| What forces the anesthesia machine to use pipeline gas when the machine is attached to both the pipeline gas supply an an open gas cylinder | The pressure difference (pipeline at 50psig and cylinder at 45psig) |
| What is the oxygen flush valve? | a valve to bypass the flowmeter and vaporizer and provide direct connection btw the high pressure and breathing systems |
| What rate is O2 delivered when the O2 flush valve is depressed? | At 35-75 L/min |
| What are the flow control valves? | They separate the high and low pressure systems, precise variable-orifice needle valves, adjust the flow of gas, should not be overtightened |
| What is the flow meter? | measures the flow of gas emerging from the flow control valve, uses a float or bobbin, calibrated as a pair with the floats and flow tubes, must be vertical, read indicator at top of float or at middle of ball |
| What is the vaporizer function? | facilitating the change of a liquid anesthetic into its vapor and adding a controlled amount of vapor to the fresh gas flow. It must produce a clinically safe concentration. |
| 2 main types of vaporizers: | precision and nonprecision |
| Characteristics of today's precision vaporizers: | concentration calibrated or variable bypass, flow over, thermocompensation, out of circuit, agent specific, plenum |
| Describe a precision vaporizer | contain both a vaporizing chamber (containing liquid anesthetic) and a bypass. A port of the O2 flow passes through the vaporization camber and another portion bypasses, then the gases remix to provide the appropriate concentration |
| Name the 4 types of breathing systems and an example of each | Open: Chamber, Semi-Open: Jackson-Rees, Semi-closed: Circle, Closed: Circle |
| Describe a semi-closed system | reservoir for anesthetic gas mixture, partial rebreathing of expired gas, Co2 absorption |
| What's the difference between low-flow and high-flow? | Circle with fresh gas flow below 22ml/kg/min is low, higher than 22m/kg/min is high |
| Advantages of a closed circle | economical, conserves heat and humidity, less pollution, can dx a hypermetabolic state, less danger of barotrauma |
| Disadvantages of a closed circle | requires hard to learn knowledge of uptake, more attention necessary, inability to change concentrations quickly, danger of hypercarbia, accumulation of undesirable gases in the system |
| True or False, a closed system can be performed using a vaporizer in circuit or out of the circuit | TRUE |
| Principle of CIRCLE rebreathing operation | animal inspires from and expires to the circuit through the y-piece, gases directed by unidirectional valves, CO2 absorbed by sodalime or other absorbent, O2 consumed by patient replaced by fresh gas flow |
| Describe the Universal F-circuit | can be used semi-closed or closed, common in practice, coaxial rebreathing system, can be used in animals up to 90kg, smaller tube inside bigger corrugated tubing is inspiratory and bigger is expiratory -- keeps gas warm |
| Advantages of F-circuit | small size and light weight (convenient), allows heat and moisture to be retained in circuit (regulate body temp) |
| Disadvantages of F-circuit | smaller tubing creates resistance in large dogs, elongation over time of corrugated tubing creates dead space, reversed attachment causes warming benefit to be less effective, difficult to clean |
| Advantages of vaporizer out of circuit (VOC) | output not affected by changes in patient ventilation, assisted ventilation will not greatly increase inspired anesthetic concentration, known anesthetic concentration delivered |
| Disadvantages of VOC | expensive, slow changes in anesthetic concentration |
| Advantages of vaporizer in circuit (VIC) | cheap, economical w/ less anesthetic used, less pollution, more humidified inspired gas |
| Disadvantages of VIC | inspired anesthetic concetnration varies with changes in carrier gas flow rate, temp, use of PPV, and patient's ventilation, anesthetic concentration in circuit is unknown |
| What is the Stephen's Anesthetic Machine | Designed for closed circuit model with a glass VIC on the inspiratory side, 2 lime canisters, and 2 unidirectional valves placed closed to one another, it runs a high concentration of anesthetic with low flow O2 |
| How is CO2 eliminated in non-rebreathing systems? | high fresh gas flow |
| When are non-rebreathing systems indicated? | Patients <7-10kg: because they provide less dead space and less or no resistance |
| How can you successfully use a circle system on small patients? | Small Y piece and assisted ventilation |
Created by:
Sara2420
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