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VetMed SA Sx Clinics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Sterilization | complete elimination of microbial viability |
| Definition of Disinfection | destruction of MOST pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects |
| Definition of Antisepsis | prevent growth or action of microorganisms on living tissue by inhibiting activity or killing them |
| Most commonly used method of sterilization | Steam/pressure sterilization |
| What are the biological retractors in an OHE? | Right side: duodenocolic ligament Left side: mesocolon of descending colon |
| Most common oral tumors in canine | Epulides (benign) Malignant melanoma Squamous cell carcinoma Fibrosarcoma |
| Most common oral tumors in feline | Squamous cell carcinoma Fibrosarcoma |
| Purpose of Cheiloplasty | prevents drooling and the tongue from hanging out |
| Difference between Cushing, Connell, and Lembert | Cushing - does NOT penetrate lumen Connell - penetrates lumen Lembert - variation on vertical mattress to inverted |
| What systemic factors may delay healing and increase risk of dehiscence in small intestinal surgery? | hypovolemic shock hypoproteinemia debilitation infection |
| Holding layer of small intestine | submucosa |
| In surgical repair of perineal hernia, where does reoccurrence usually happen? | ventral aspect of hernia |
| Most common perianal tumor | Perianal adenoma |
| What qualifies an oblique fracture as short, long, or spiral? | Short - fracture <2x diameter of bone Long - fracture >2x diameter of bone Spiral - long oblique with twist |
| Describe three subcategories of Type III open fractures | IIIa - adequate skin to close wound IIIb - insufficient skin to close, "degloving" IIIc - compromised vascular supply to distal limb |
| What five forces act on bone? | tension compression bending shear torsion (rotation) |
| What percentage of medullary cavity should intramedullary pins occupy? | 70% |
| At what age is TPO done? | Triple Pelvic Osteotomy <10-12 months of age |
| At what age is JPS done? | Juvenile Pubic Symphysiodesis 3-4 months of age |
| Which suture material has absolute knot security? | stainless steel |
| Biomechanical goal of TPO | provide dorsal coverage to prevent re-luxation of coxofemoral joint |
| Complications of TPO | narrowed pelvic canal sciatic neuropraxia implant failure progressive OA abnormal gait |
| How much of the small intestine can be safely removed? | 85% |
| Fragmented Medial Coronoid Process etiology, signalment, treatment | etiology - excessive loading of joint, direct trauma, OCD-complex signalment - lameness begins at 4-9mos in large breed dogs treatemtn - arthrotomy or arthroscopy |
| What is the purpose of the neutralization plate? | anatomically reconstructs fracture bone shares load and protects implants |
| What is the purpose of the buttress plates? | supports fragments to prevent collapse and maintain bone length bone does NOT share load |
| Order of loss of neural function | proprioception --> motor function --> superficial pain --> deep pain |
| Horner's Syndrome | ptosis (drooping upper eyelid) miosis enopthalmos |
| Procedure used to correct an ectopic ureter that completely bypasses the uterus | neoureterocystostomy |
| Which direction does stomach rotate and which side of midline will the pylorus and duodenum be in GDV? | clockwise (on mesenteric axis) duodenum and pylorus will be to left of midline |
| Osteochondrosis | disturbance in process of endochondral ossification in a focal area of a developing articular surface |
| What is a pheochromocytoma? | neuroendocrine tumor of the medulla of the adrenal glands (chromaffin cells) OR extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue that failed to involute after birth secretes excessive amounts of catecholamines, epinephrine (adrenal) or norepinephrine (extra-adrenal) |
| What are Balfour Retractors used for? | open GI surgery |
| Difference between what OFA and Penn-Hip are testing for | OFA - degenerative OA or dysplasia Penn-Hipp - joint laxity |
| Technically, a surgical infection requires what concentration of bacteria? | 10^5 cfu/gram of tissue |
| Which suture material should NEVER be used in the bladder? | Dexon (dissolves quickly in alkaline environment) Braided multifilament suture |
| Most common type of ectopic ureter in the canine | intraluminal ectopic ureter |
| Most common type of ectopic ureter in the feline | extramural ectopic ureter |
| Most common associated problem with ectopic ureters | hydronephrosis |
| Most common urachal defect | vesicourachal diverticulum |
| Congenital urethral abnormality with failure of fusion of urogenital folds | hypospadias |
| Congenital urethral abnormality with failure of fusion of dorsal penile urethra | epispadias |
| Most common locations for esophageal foreign body | thoracic inlet base of heart diaphragm |
| What is the holding layer of the esophagus? | submucosa |
| Describe Gastroduodenostomy (Bilroth I) | pylorectomy + partial gastrectomy + anastamosis of duodenum to stomach |
| Describe Gastrojejunostomy (Bilroth II) | pylorectomy + partial gastrectomy + anastomosis of jejunum to stomach |
| Name the two layers of an intussusception | intussucipiens - outside fold intussusceptum - inside fold |
| What is the holding layer of the large intestine? | submucosa |
| What are the two devices used to ligate a hepatic shunt? | ameroid ring cellophane band |
| Name the factors of Brachycephalic Airway Syndrome | stenotic nares tonsillar enlargement elongated soft palate everted laryngeal saccules laryngeal collapse tracheal hypoplasia |
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