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Ch 7 VTNE
Virology: Mosby's Comprehensive Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What do Viruses Composed of? | Protein and Nucleic Acid, some have lipids and carbohydrates |
| Viruses are Obligate Intracellular parasites- what does this mean? | Viruses depend on host cells for reproduction |
| Animal Viruses are most commonly cultured in..? | Mice, embryonated chicken eggs or tissue culture |
| Viruses and their sizes: | Largest is proxcirus: 300x240x200mm Smallest is parvovirus: 22nm diameter |
| Prion | an infectious agent composed of protein in a misfolded form Smaller than Viruses |
| Virus- envelope | lipid membrane that surrounds the virus Easily killed w/ bleach (breaks down fat) or via freezing and thawing process |
| Naked Viruses | Do not have an envelope- harder to kill. More difficult to disinfect area. Steam Sterilization is recommended at 121C @ 15lb/square in for 30min |
| Genomes | Mammalian genomes are composed of double-stranded DNA from which various RNAs are transcribed |
| Virus Replication- four basic stages | Attachment Penetration-uncoating,replication, and assembly-release |
| Virus Replication- Attachment | Virus must gain access to the host cell via the Portal Entry. Cell membrane is bound in a complementary fashion by the viral binding protein |
| Portal Entry | Method used by Virus to gain access to host cell: The mucosal surface to the respiratory, urogenital, or gastrointestinal tract |
| Viral Binding Protein | Determines the species affected and the type of pathology caused |
| Virus Replication: Penetration-uncoating | most viruses produce enzymes that degrade the host cell membrane sufficiently to permit the nucleic acid core to enter. As it does, the core exits the capsid (outer shell of the virus) which remains on the host cell exterior |
| Virus Replication: Replication | Virus's nucleic acid redirects the host cell DNA to ignore its own needs and to instead produce viral components. This results in breakdown of the host cell membrane, initiating the immune responds. |
| Virus Replication: Assembly-release | Viral components come together to produce Virions, which almost immediately leave the cell. Most Viruses exit the cell by causing the cell to rupture- causing the overall sign of dz |
| Limitation of Viruses | Some Viruses are restricted to certain body temps, or surface proteins found on certain cell types |
| Viral infections- two types | Apparent infection- causes Cx Signs Nonapparent infection- Carrier- no Cx signs |
| Transport Media for Samples | Sterile Hank's balanced salt solution. Sterile skim milk Sterile charcoal transport medium |
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