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Vet 1250 Week 3
The Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| secreting into epithelial surfaces means: | exocrine |
| secreting directly into the blood stream or lypmh system means: | endocrine |
| powerful hormone found in a wide variety of body tissues; often produced in a tissue and diffuse only a short distance | prostoglandins (PGs) |
| most hormones are composed of ____ or chains of amino acids; others are _____ or fatty substances derived from cholesterol | proteins; steroids |
| what is the main function of the endocrine system | homeostasis |
| What are the chemical messengers that travel through the blood stream to tissues where they produce their effects | hormones |
| What does the negative feedback system do | controls hormone production |
| These hormones bind to receptors within the target cell nucleus and influence cell activity by acting on DNA | steroid hormones |
| This structure is the ventral part of the brain; nervous and endocrine function | hypothalamus |
| tiny blood vessel system that attaches the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland | portal system |
| releasing these cells increase production; inhibiting these cells slow production | modified neurons |
| these connect the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland | nerve fibers |
| master endocrine gland; very tiny housed in small pocket in the skull | pituitary gland |
| GH, TSH, ACTH, FS, LH, Prolactin, and MSH are produced by the | pituitary gland |
| nervous tissue; only stores and releases hormones | posterior pituitary |
| glandular tissue; produces hormones | anterior pituitary |
| This hormone promotes body growth in young animals | GH |
| GH deficiency can lead to | dwarfism |
| This hormone stimulates the growth and developments of the thyroid gland | TSH |
| This hormone stimulates the growth and development of the cortex of the adrenal gland and the release of its hormones | ACTH |
| outer portion of pituitary gland | cortex |
| inner portion of pituitary gland | adrenal medulla |
| This hormone stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries; spermatogenesis in males | FSH |
| smallest to largest follicles, aka: | primary to secondary to graafian (mature) |
| decrease in FSH causes increase in | LH |
| ovulation will occur when this hormone reaches its peak | luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| This part of the ovary produces progesterone | corpus luteum |
| This area of the ovary produces estrogen | follicles |
| This hormone helps trigger and maintain lactation; no known affect on male | prolactin |
| This hormone is associated with color changes in reptiles, fish, and amphibians | melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) |
| This gland stores ADH and oxytocin | posterior pituitary |
| This hormone causes contractions in uterus during time of breeding and paturition | oxytocin |
| This hormone helps prevent loss of large quantities of water in the urine and causes the kidneys to reabsorb more H2O causing urine to be more concentrated | ADH |
| deficiency of ADH leads to | diabetes insipidus |
| the two lobes located on either side of larynx | thyroid gland |
| This hormone regulates the body's metabolic rate, regulates rate at which body burns nutrients to produce energy and helps heat the body | thyroid hormone |
| This hormone prevents hypercalcemia by encouraging excess be deposited in bones; maintains homeostasis of blood calcium levels | calcitonin |
| non-inflammatory enlargment of the thyroid gland result from an iodine deficient diet is called | Goiter |
| slowing of metabolism is called | hypothyroidism |
| excess metabolism is called | hyperthyroidism |
| This structure consists of pale nodules in on or near the thyroid gland | parathyroid |
| This hormone helps maintain blood calcium homeostasis and prevents hypocalcemia | parathyroid hormone |
| located near the cranial end of kidney | adrenal glands |
| glandular tissue producing glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoid, and sex hormones | adrenal cortex |
| nervous tissue producing epinephrine and norepinephrine | adrenal medulla |
| This hormone has an effect on blood glucose levels | glucocorticoid hormones |
| This hormone regulates the level of electrolytes; targets the kidney to reabsorb sodium and exchanges potassium and hydrogen ions to be excreted in urine | mineralocorticoid hormones |
| estrogens and androgens are what type of hormones | sex hormones |
| hormone secretion by this organ is under control of the sympathetic nervous system | adrenal medulla |
| these hormones help prepare the body for the fight or flight response | epinephrine and nor-epinephrine |
| This organ has both exocrine and endocrine function and is located by the duodenum | pancreas |
| This hormone stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose | glucagon |
| This hormone causes glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the bloodstream to be absorbed for energy; decrease in glucose levels | insulin |
| This hormone diminishes activity of the GI tract | somatostatin |
| This organ is housed in the scrotum; clumps of interstitial cells that produce androgens (testosterone) | testes |
| What is the formation of sex cells by sex organs called | gonadotropien |
| This organ is located in the abdomen near the kidneys; produce estrogens and progestins | ovaries |
| once ___ peaks ovulation will occur | LH |
| What hormone helps maintain pregnancy | progestins |
| What organ produces erythropoietin | kidney |
| What does erythropoietin do | stimulates RBC production |
| This organ produces Gastrin | stomach |
| gastriin does what? | stimulated by the presence of food and secretes hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes |
| This organ contains secretin; cholecystokinin | small intestine |
| This hormone stimulates the pancreas to secrete sodium bicarb | secretin |
| This hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas | cholecystokinin |
| What organ produces chorionic gonadotropin in humans and horses | placenta |
| This gland helps kick start the immune system (hardly seen in adults); thymosin and thymopoietin | thymus |
| This gland produces melatonin which affects moods and the wake/sleep cycle | pineal body |
| this hormone regulates metabolism of proteins, carbs, and lipids | Somatotropin |
Created by:
maiken
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