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Vet 1250 Week 2
Chapter 8 Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| supplies heart with nutrition | coronary vessel |
| pump with functions of delivering oxygen/nutrients; remove waste; transport hormones; deliver antibodies | heart |
| between heart and lungs; transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen then back to heart | pulmonary circulation |
| carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues and cells; then back to heart; all the body cells receive blood and o2 | systemic circulation |
| space between the two pleural cavities that contain the lungs and heart | interpleural space |
| close to sternum | mediastinum |
| heart location in canine and feline | 3rd and 7th |
| equine and ruminants heart location | 2nd and 6th |
| outer layer of the heart; protects the heart; loosely attaches heart to diaphragm | pericardium |
| outer fibrous pericardium | fibrous connective tissue |
| two layers with thin, fluid-filled, cavity between layers | inner serous pericardium |
| directly adjacent to fibrous paricardium | parietal layer |
| deep to fibrous pericardium; also called epicardium | visceral layer |
| outside layer | epicardium |
| thickest layer/cardiac muscle; striated involuntary | myocardium |
| inner membranous lining | endocardium |
| located at the top; atria is found, blood vessels enter and exit | base |
| ventral caudal direction; tip of the left ventricle | apex |
| ears of the heart | auricle |
| groove separating the ventricles; contains fat and blood vessels; composition is coronary vessel | interventricular sulci (groove) |
| What is the flow of blood through the heart? | enters through vena cava in R atrium to the tricuspid valve to R ventricle to pulmonary valve to pulmonary artery to lungs to get oxygenated. Back through pulmonary vein to L atrium through mitral valve to L ventricle through aortic valve to aorta to body |
| What are the chambers of the heart? | atria and ventricles |
| the heart pumps using what mechanisms? | mechanical and electrical |
| valves stop what | back flow |
| function of atria? | recieve blood |
| function of venricle? | discharge blood |
| vessels from heart | arteries |
| vessels to heart | veins |
| under low blood pressure, relatively thin | atria walls |
| under higher blood pressure, thick (push blood to the rest of the body | ventricle walls |
| arteries have _____ walls and veins have _____ walls | thicker; thinner |
| collect blood from systemic circulation and enters into R atrium | cranial and caudal vena cava |
| supplies the lungs; emergest from R ventricle;larger and more curved than vena cava | pulmonary arteries |
| coming from lungs and enter L atrium | pulmonary veins |
| emergest from L ventricle; largest artery in body site of highest blood pressure | aorta |
| valve with 3 flaps | right Av (tricuspid) |
| valve with 2 flaps | left AV (mitral)(bicuspid) |
| prevents back flow into pumonary arteries | pulmonary |
| connected to aorta | aortic |
| seperated the R and L ventricles | interventricular septum |
| connect free edges of the valves to muscles; prevent flaps from distending backwards during relaxation | chordae tendineaa |
| left venricle contains | oxygenated blood |
| right ventricle contains | deoxygenated blood |
| vascular anatomy: inner layer of endothelial cells (simple squamous) | Tunica intima |
| vascular anatomy: smooth muscles with some elastic tissue, thick in arteries, important in blood pressure regulation | Tunica media |
| vascular anatomy: thin layer of fibrous elastic connective tissue | Tunica externa |
| carry blood away from heart; high pressure | arteries |
| branch off the aorta and travel toward the thoracic limbs | subclavian arteries |
| branch off one or both subclavian arteries | carotid arteries |
| artery emergest at the caudal aorta | coccygeal artery |
| venous blood is under ___________ than arterial blood | lower pressure |
| carry blood back to heart | veins |
| carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged; nutrients and waste products exchanged | capillaries |
| veins in the foreleg merge into larger and larger vessels to form | brachycephalic veins |
| veins in the hind limbs merge to form | iliac veins |
| heart contracts and blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles & then from ventricles to arteries; cardiac contraction; Av valves close; semilunar valves open; blood pumped out | systole pressure |
| heart relaxes and refills with blood to be ejected the next systolic cycles; av valves open; semilunar valves closed; ventricles fill with blood | diastole pressure |
| stroke volume X heart rate | cardiac output |
| average heart rate for dog | 60-120 bpm |
| average heart rate for cat | 140-220 bpm |
| averate heart rate for horse | 25-50 bpm |
| heart rate can be affected by | chemicals, hormones, temperature, behavior, and respiratory rate |
| these participate in conductivity | SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers |
| specialized area of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium; generates electrical impules that trigger repeated beating of the heart | sinoatrial node (SA) |
| cations are pumped out of a cell | polarization (diastole) |
| gates in the cell wall open and cations flow back into the cell; causes electrical current | depolarization (systole) |
| SA node automatically does this | repolarization |
| impuse is generated at the ___; initially causes both atria to contract; blood pushed through AV valves into ventricles | SA node |
| impulse travels down the muscle fibers to the | AV node |
| electrical impulse then spreads through the | bundle of His |
| carry impulses from the Bundle of His up into the ventricular myocardium | Purkinje fibers |
| unique blood route through liver; assists with hemeostasis of blood glucose levels | hepatic portal circulation |
| fetus receives o2 through placenta | fetal blood ciculation |
| enters through the umbilical vein, flows through liver and the _____ into the caudal vena cava where it mixes with deoxygenated blood and fills right atrium | ductus venosus |
| opening between the right and left atrium | foramen ovale |
| allows blood that normally goes to the lungs from pulmonary arter to bypass and go directly to aorta | ductus arteriousus |
| the sound that is heard when listening to heart | auscultation |
| long sound when AV valves close | lub |
| sharp sound when semilunar valves close | dub |
| amount of blood that leaves the heart | cardiac output |
| amound of blood ejected with each contraction | stroke volume |
| how often the heart contracts | heart rate |
| instrument with graph paper that moves under a sylus | electrocardiograph |
| depolarization of the atria (domestic mail) | P wave |
| waves created by ventricular depolarization; international mail | QRS complex |
| repolarization of ventricles | T wave |
| ventral aspect of each side of the neck in jugular groove | jugular veins |
| craniomedial aspect of forelimb | cephalic vein |
| medial aspect of hind limb | femoral vein |
| lateral aspect of hind limb | saphenous vein |
| milk vein | caudal epigastric vein |
| ventral midline of tail | coccygeal vein |
Created by:
maiken
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