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TheCell
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| single cell organisms without nucleus | prokaryote |
| multicellular organisms | eukaryotes |
| bacteria is a | prokaryote |
| protozoa are | prokaryotes |
| outermost layer of a mammalian cell | cell membrane |
| surrounds the nucleus | nuclear membrane |
| barrier between the environment and cytoplasm | cell membrane |
| governs movement of atoms and molecules in and out of cells | cell membrane |
| another name for two layers of phospholipid molecules | lipid bilayer |
| fatty acid tails are located | inside |
| fatty acid tails are hydro phobic or philic? | hydrophobic |
| heads are hydro phobic or philic | hydrophilic |
| suspends proteins, constantly changing | fluid mosaic |
| lipid soluble materials pass through the membrane with EASE or DIFFICULTY | ease |
| proteins that span the width of the membrane | integral |
| membranes bound to one side or the other of the membrane | peripheral |
| glycocalyx is made of what? | glycoproteins and glycolipids |
| glycoproteins job is to | enance cell to cell adhesion |
| glycolipids job is to | signal other cells via ligand binding |
| cilia and flagella originate from | basal bodies |
| move in waves, propel fluid, mucus and debris | cilia |
| attached to individual cells to propel cell forward | flagella |
| give support to the cell | cytoskeleton |
| cytoskeleton is composed of | microtubules intermeidate fibers, microfilaments |
| list 8 organelles | mitochondria, ribosomes, smooth ER, rough ER, golgi, lysosome, peroxisome, includions, centrioles |
| powerhouse of the cell, creates energy | mitochondria |
| site of protein synthesis for intracellular and extracellular use | ribosomes |
| has ribosomes on the surface | rough ER |
| involved in protein production | rough ER |
| involved in lipid production and storage | smooth ER |
| ER is continuous with what 2 things? | nuclear membrane and golgi |
| responsible for modification, packaging and storage of molecules | golgi |
| formed by golgi, breakdowns nutrients for use | lysosomes |
| contain enzymes for detoxification | peroxisomes |
| convert free radicals to hydrogen peroxide | peroxidase |
| convert hydrogen peroide to water | catalase |
| engulfed metabolic stubstances | inclusions |
| found in pairs, form bases of cilia & flagella, help organize spindle fibers | centrioles |
| maintains heredity information and controls cell activity | nucleus |
| 4 parts of the nucleus | nuclear envelope, nuceloplasm, chromatin,nucleolus, |
| contains nuclear pores | nuclear envelope |
| made up of DNA and histones | chromatin |
| location where ribosomal subunits are made | nucleolus |
| genetic material | DNA |
| intracellular | inside the cell |
| extracellular | outside the cell |
| interstitial | between the cells |
| acids and bases are types of | electrolytes/ions |
| excretory processes that require energy | active |
| excretory processes that do not require energy | passive |
| movement of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration | diffusion |
| diffusion is dependent on what 3 things | molecule size, lipid solubility, molecular charge |
| movement of molecules through membrae with assistance of integral/carrier proten | facilitated diffusion |
| does facilitated diffusion require energy? | no |
| movement of water through membrane from area of high water concentration to low water concentration | osmosis |
| force of water moving from one side of the membrane to the other | osmotic pressure |
| osmosis or diffusion requires a selective membrane? | osmosis |
| same concentration as intracellular fluid | isotonic |
| fluid is more concentrated than cytoplasm | hypertonic |
| cytoplasm is more concentrated than fluid | hypotonic |
| cells burst qhen put in | hypotonic solution |
| cells crenate when put in | hypertonic soution |
| requires energy to move material | active transport |
| changes in distribution of charged particles on either side of a membrane | membrane potential |
| two types of endocytosis | phagocytosis, pinocytosis |
| cell engulfing solid material | phagocytosis |
| cell engulfing liquid (cell drinking) | pinocytosis |
| movement of material out of the cell via vesicles | exocytosis |
| process of cell division | mitosis |
| phase when cell is growing, maturing and differentiating | interphase |
| period between cell divisions | interphase |
| interphase has 3 stages, what are they | growth 1, synthetic, growth 2 |
| when chromatin strands for chromosomes | prophase |
| when nuclear envelope breaks down | prophase |
| when chromosomes line up in center | metaphase |
| when centromeres attach to spindle fibers | metaphase |
| when chromatids are pulled apart | anaphase |
| the thing that pulls the chromatids apart | spindle fibers |
| where the cytoplasm constricts | metaphyseal plate |
| when chromatin begins to unravel at the poles of the cell | telophase |
| when the nuclear envelope appears | telophase |
| the end of this phase is marked by cytokinesis | telophase |
| process by which genetic information on DNA is copied to mRna | transcription |
| process by which protein is created from mRNA | translation |
| occur when there are errors in DNA replication | mutation |
| anything causing a genetic mutation | mutagen |
Created by:
DrCariWise
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