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VET 1055 CH 8
Have a Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to various body tissues and transports waste products to the appropriate waste removal systems | cardiovascular system |
| cavity that contains the heart, large blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, and other structures | mediastinum |
| double-walled membrane surrounding the heart | pericardium |
| external layer of the heart | epicardium |
| middle and thickest layer of the heart, the actual heart muscle | myocardium |
| inner layer of the heart, lines the heart chambers and valves | endocardium |
| arteries that serve the heart | coronary arteries |
| remove waste products from the myocardium | coronary veins |
| disruption of blood to myocardium may be caused by this | coronary occlusion(blockage) |
| deficiency in the blood supply to an area | ischemia |
| tissue death | necrosis |
| area of necrosis due to ischemia | infarct or infarction |
| craniodorsal chanbers of the heart where all vessels enter | atria, atrium |
| left and right atria are seperated by this | interatrial septum |
| caudoventral chambers of the heart | ventricles |
| ventricles seperated by this | interventricular septum |
| narrow tip of the heart | apex |
| membranous fold | valve |
| valve controls the opening between the right atrium and right ventricle | right atrioventricular valve (right AV valve) or tricuspid valve |
| located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and controls blood entering the lungs; shaped like half moon | pulmonar semilunar valve, pulmonary valve |
| valve controls the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle | left atrioventricular valve, mitral valve, bicuspid valve |
| located between the left ventricle and the aorta and controls blood entering the arterial system | aortic semilunar valve |
| volume of blood pumped by the heart per unit time | cardiac output |
| establishes the basic rhytem of the heart (pacemaker of the heart)also has these muscle cells | sinoatrial node, Purkinje fibers |
| atrial contraction | atrial systole |
| force of contraction | inotropy |
| electrical impulses from the SA node travel to this | atrioventricular node |
| located in the interventricular septum | bundle of His |
| ventricular contraction | ventricular systole |
| normal heart rhythm | sinus rhythm |
| abnormal rhythm | arrhythmia or dysrhythmia |
| heartbeat sensations that feel like pounding with or without irregularity in rhythm | palpitation |
| rapid, random, and ineffective heart contractions | fibrillation |
| cardiac arrhythmia in which atrial contractions are rapid but regular | flutter |
| abnormally slow heartbeat | bradycardia |
| abnormally fast heartbeat | tachycardia |
| sudden convulsion or spasm | paroxysm |
| irregular heart rhythm resulting from variation in vagal nerve tone as a result of respiration | normal sinus arrhythmia |
| without contraction or lack of heart activity, flat line on ECG | asystole |
| temporary suspension of respiration and circulation | syncope |
| low-frequency vibrations occuring during early diastole and late diastole | gallop |
| contraction | systole |
| expansion, atria fill with blood, then contract | diastole |
| ventricular end-diastolic volume, volume of blood entering the right side of the heart | preload |
| ventricular emptying presented by aortic pressure | afterload |
| ECG, EKG; record of electrical activity of the myocardium | electrocardiogram |
| act of listening to body sounds | auscultation |
| abnormal sound associated with the turbulent flow of blood | heart murmur |
| narrowing or aortic or pulmonic valve | stenosis |
| abnormal swooshing cardiac sounds that progressively increase in loudness | crescendo murmurs |
| abnormal swooshing cardiac sounds that progressively decrease in loudness | decrescendo murmurs |
| vibration felt in palpation | thrill |
| opening in a vessel through which fluid flows | lumen |
| things that narrow a vessel's diameter | vasoconstrictors |
| things that narrow a vessel's diameter | vasodilators |
| depression where vessels and nerves enter an organ | hilus |
| main trunk of the arterial system that begins from the left ventricle of the heart | aorta |
| supplies the liver, stomach, spleen | celiac artery |
| supplies the kidneys | renal arteries |
| supply the ovaries | avarian arteries |
| supply the testicles | testicular arteries |
| artery under the collarbone | subclavian artery |
| smaller branches of arteries | arterioles |
| single-cell-thick vessels that connect the arterial and venous systems | capillaries |
| blood flow through tissues | perfusion |
| tiny blood vessels that carry blood to veins | venules |
| return blood to the heart | veins |
| within a vein | intravenous |
| around the vessels | perivascular |
| within an artery | intra-arterial |
| tension exerted by blood on the arterial walls | blood pressure |
| rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery produced by pressure | pulse |
| resistance to flow | viscosity |
| measures blood pressure | sphygmomanometer |
| occurs when the ventricles contract and is highest toward the end of the stroke output of the left ventricle | systolic pressure |
| occurs when the ventricles relax and is lowest late in ventricular dilation | diastolic pressure |
| high blood pressure | hypertension |
| drugs used to lower blood pressure | antihypertensives |
| radiographic study of the blood vessels and heart using contrast material | angiocardiography |
| radiographic study of the blood vessels following injection of radiopaque material | angiography |
| radiographic study in which a catheter is passed into a blood vessel and is guided into the heart to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow | cardiac catheterization |
| process of evaluating the heart structures using sound waves | echocardiography |
| recording the electrical activity of the heart | electrocardiography |
| 24-hour ECG that records the heart rates and rhythms onto a specialized tape recorder | Holter moniter |
| procedure of imaging objects by exposing sensitized films to xrays | radiography |
| constricting band applied to a limb to control bleeding or to assist in drawing blood | tourniquet |
| localized baloonlike enlargement of an artery | aneurysm |
| disease of vessels | angiopathy |
| inability of the aortic valve to perform at the proper levels, which results in blood flowing back into the left ventricle from the aorta | aortic insufficiency |
| hardening and narrowing of arteries | artheroschlerosis |
| compression of the heart due to fluid or blood collecting in the pericardial sac | cardiac tamponade |
| heart enlargement | cardiomegaly |
| disease of heart muscle | cardiomyopathy |
| inflammation of the heart | carditis |
| insufficient cardiac output to meet the body's needs | congestive heart failure |
| alterations in the structure or function of the right ventricle caused by pulmonary hypertension | cor pulmonale |
| heartworm infection | dirofilariosis |
| foreign object that is circulating in blood | embolus |
| blockage of a vessel by a foreign object | embolism |
| inflammation of the endocardium and sometimes the heart valves | endocarditis |
| interference with the electrical conduction of the heart | heart block |
| benign tumor comprised of newly formed blood vessels | hemangioma |
| collection of blood | hematoma |
| above-normal levels of carbon dioxide; results in reduced levels of oxygen | hypercapnia |
| below-normal levels of carbone dioxide | hypocapnia |
| below-normal levels of oxygen | hypoxia |
| deficiency in blood supply | ischemia |
| inability of the left atrioventricular valve to perform at the proper level | mitral valve insufficiency |
| abnormal protrusion of the left atrioventricular valve that results in incomplete closure of the valve | mitral valve prolapse |
| inflammation of the myocardium | myocarditis |
| blockage in a vessel | occlusion |
| persistance of teh fetal communitation between the left pulminary artery and aorta that should close shortly after birth | patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
| inflammation of the pericardium | pericarditis |
| narrowing of the opening and valvular area between the pulmonary artery and right ventricle | pulmonic stenosis |
| backflow of blood caused by imperfect closure o fheart valves | regurgitation |
| inadequate tissue perfusion | shock |
| congenital cyanotic cardiac condition that classically has four anotomical defects in the hart | tetralogy of Fallot |
| blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery | thrombus |
| inflammation of a blood or lymph vessel | vasculitits |
| opening in the wall dividing the right and left ventricles that may allow blood to shunt from right to left without becoming oxygenated | ventricular septal defect |
| iatrogenic | produced by treatment |
| surgical repair of blood or lymph vessels | angioplasty |
| sutre of a vessel | angiorrhaphy |
| surgical removal of part of a blood vessel that carries blood away from heart | arteriectomy |
| incision of a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart | arteriotomy |
| tension exerted by blood in the cranial vena cava | central venous pressure |
| use of electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm | defibrillation |
| control or stoppage of bleeding | hemostasis |
| small expander implanted in a blood vessel to prevent collapsing | stent |
| introduction of whole blood or blood components into the bloodstream of the recipient | transfusion |
| surgical incision into a valve or membranous flap | valvotomy |
Created by:
maiken
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