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A&P 1 Ch 6 Part 2
The Skeletal System 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the bones of the thoracic limbs? | scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges |
| joint surfaces | articular surfaces |
| large, round articular surface | condyle |
| spherical articular surface at the proximal head of a long bone | head |
| flat, articular surface | facet |
| projections off a bone surface | processes |
| depressed area | fossa |
| hole in a bone | foramen |
| shoulder bone; flat triangular bone | scapula |
| prominent longitudinal ridge on the lateral surface | spine of the scapula |
| shallow concave surface forming the "socket" portion of the shoulder joint | glenoid cavity |
| only cats have this shoulder bone | clavicle |
| scapula also has these two fossa | supraspinous and infaspinous fossa |
| long bone of the upper arm; largest bone of the thoracic limb | humerus |
| upper arm | brachium |
| proximal end of humerus; ball of the shoulder joint; connects to the scapula | head of humerus |
| allow the muscle attachments that make movement possible in humerus | greater and lesser tubercle |
| humerus ends in this that allows pulley-like movement of the elbow | humeral condyle |
| first bone of forearm; forms the elbow joint with the distal end of the humerus | radius |
| term meaning forearm | antebrachium |
| second bone of the forearm; long and thin serves mainly for muscle attachment and formation of the elbow joint | ulna |
| large process on proximal ulna that forms the point of the elbow | olecranon process |
| two rows of short bones arranged parallel to each other | carpus |
| horse carpus | knee |
| human carpus | wrist |
| extend from distal row of carpal bones to the proximal phalanges of the digits | metacarpal bones |
| hard outer coverings of the distal digits, usually pigmented | claws |
| evolutionary remnants of digits | dewclaw |
| number of digits in horse | 1 |
| number of digits in dog | 5 |
| number of digits in cattle | 4 |
| see powerpoint presentation for details of equine limb | .... |
| bones of the pelvic limb | pelvis, femus, patella (fabellae), tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges |
| starts developing as three separate bones on each side (six total) that fuse into a solid structure | pelvis |
| two halves of pelvis joined ventrally by cartilagenous joint | symphasis pelvis |
| forward-most bone of the pelvis | ilium |
| caudal-most pelvic bone | ishium |
| smallest pelvic bone, located medially | pubis |
| socket for the head of femur; the 3 bones on each side of the pelvis come together to form "hip socket" | acetabulum |
| sciatic nerve runs through this; two large holes located on either side of symphysis pelvis | obturator foramen |
| long bone of the thigh; head of this bone forms "ball" of hip joint; fits into acetabulum of pelvis | femur |
| opposite the head on proximal end of the femur are two large processes | greater trochanter |
| distal end of femur forms this joint with the tibia and patella | stifle joint, knee |
| smooth articular groove in which patella rides | trochlea |
| largest sesamoid bone in body | patella (kneecap) |
| bones that are embedded in tendons | sesamoid bones |
| two small sesamoid bones located in the proximal calf muscle tendons (dogs/cats only) | fabellae |
| main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg, forms stifle joint with femur above; forms hock joint with tarsus below | tibia |
| runs along length of tibia, but does not support weight | fibula |
| distal end, lateral aspect of fibula (knob of ankle) | lateral malleolus |
| ankle (hock); two rows of short bones | tarsus |
| fibular tarsal bone has this; projects upward and backward to form the "point of the hock"; insertion point for the achilles tendon | calcaneal tuberosity; calcaneus |
| almost exactly the same as the metacarpal bones | metatarsal bones |
| bone in the penis in canines | os Penis |
| supports the valves of the heart in sheep and cattle | os Cordis |
| nose of the swine | os Rostri |
| junctions between bones | joints |
| study of joints | arthrology |
| synarthroses, immovable; sutures in skull | fibrous joints |
| amphiarthroses, slightly movable; pelvic symphysis, mandibular symphysis | cartilagenous joints |
| diarthroses, freely movable; shoulder, stifle joint | synovial joints |
| smooth surfaces of bones where they rub together in joint | articular surface |
| thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular surface, smooth movement, decrease friction | articular cartilage |
| fluid filled space between joint surfaces | joint cavity |
| surrounds the joint cavity (fibrous tissue and synovial membrane) | joint capsule |
| bands of fibrous connective tissue; attach bone to bone | ligaments |
| attach muscle to bone | tendons |
| decreases angle | flexion |
| increases angle | extension |
| toward medial plane | adduction |
| away from medial plane | abduction |
| twisting movement | rotation |
| distal end moves in a circle | circumduction |
| one joint surface swivels around another; only flexion and extension | hinge joints |
| rocking motion of one bone on the other; flexion/extension/some adduction/abduction | gliding joints |
| bone rotates on another; rotation only | pivot joints |
| most extensive movements; all movements possible | ball-and-socket joints |
Created by:
maiken
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