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Pharm Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is an antagonist? | drug that brings out specific action by binding with appropriate receptor |
| What is an antagonist? | drug that inhibits specific action by binding with particular receptor |
| What is extralabel use? | use of drug that is not USDA approved |
| What is withdrawal time? | length of time it takes for a drug to be eliminated from animal tissue |
| what are the 4 sources of drugs? | plants, minerals, hormones, bacteria/mold |
| 3 methods of selecting an appropriate drug for a patient? | dx, symptomatic, empirical |
| 4 parts of a regimen | route of admin, dosage, frequency, duration |
| 7 responsibilities of a vt with a regimen | ask ? if orders unclear, observe pt after drug admin, correct route, correct time/freq, correct drug, check labels, check medical record, explain procedure to client and take home instructions |
| what is a steady state? | point at which drug accumulation is equal to drug elimination |
| 3 meds that can be inhaled | bronchodilators, antibiotics, anesthesics |
| passive absorption drugs move from * to * | high, low |
| active transport drugs move from * to * | low, high |
| 2 factors that increase absorption | where given, hydration status of pt |
| drug has high lipid content, will or will not pass through cell wall? | will |
| organ that metabolizes | liver |
| organ that excretes most waste | kidney |
| five parts of syringe | needle, hub, barrel, plunger, dead area |
| insulin syringe measurement | units |
| define microencapsulation | drug form that stabilizes substances commonly considered unstable |
| 5 rights of a technician | right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time/rate of admin |
| Can cause nerve damage if given incorrectly | IM |
| testing for tuberculosis | ID |
| very rapid onset, shortest duration | IV |
| onset and duration can be variable | IP |
| injection into joint for local inflammation | IA |
| no hyperosmotic solutions given this way | SQ |
| for CPR or euthanasia | IC |
| what is the master gland of the endocrine system? | pituitary gland |
| what is negative feedback? | high level of hormones and tells body to stop releasing said hormones |
| what is entropion and ectropion? | when eyelids are inverted, requires sx |
| why do eyedrops have to be applied multiple times a day? | tears wash away |
| yeast and bacteria like to grow in what kind of environment? | warm, moist |
| what is the largest organ of the body? | skin |
| what is pruritis? | itchy skin |
| 3 layers of skin from deepest to superficial | hypodermis, dermis, epidermis |
| maintenance fluid formula | 30ml/lb |
| what is the piece of equipment called to check the pressures in the eye? | tonopen |
| what disease does that piece of equip. test for? | glaucoma |
| when doing a tear test, what dz are you check for? | KCS |
| how long do you have to leave strips in the eye? | 60 seconds |
| Fluorescein stain is * on strip and looks * in eye | orange, green |
| Fluorescein stain test for what? | ulcerations on eye |
| 3 functions of resp. tract | voice production, body temp regulation, acid-base balance, oxygen and CO2 exchange |
| what are the receptors called where pain arises? | nociceptors |
| superficial pain is located in the * tissue | epidermis |
| deep oain is located in the * tissue | bone, muscle |
| visceral pain is located * | internally (intestinally) |
| define analgesic | pain reliever, anesthetic |
| 2 signs of inflammation | redness, swollen |
| what are two jobs of a fever? | fight off infection, keep body warm during sickness |
| what does NSAID stand for? | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
| what do turbinates do? | humidify and warm air |
| which are larger, bronchi or bronchioles? | bronchi |
| what is the job of the alveoli | oxygen and CO2 exchange |
| what the mucus and cilia work together, what is their purpose? | remove debris |
| what are antitussives | meds to control cough |
| what is teh basic functional unit of the kidney? | nephron |
| if kidney is damaged, how does it affect erythropoiesis? | it cannot excrete erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow into making more RBC's |
| what type of anemia results from inability to make erythropoietin? | non-regenerative |
| how does uremia effect tissues of the body? | makes them more sensitive to drugs |
| if a pt has kidney issues, what type of diet should they be fed? | low sodium |
| three different inactive ingredients and what they do | thickness - increase viscocity, emulsifiers - allow ingredients to mix and not seperate, sweeteners - enhance taste |
| vet-client-patient relationship | relationship established during visits to clinic allowing trust w/ instructions of car and medication |
| over the counter | drugs that do not need rx to be obtained |
| extralabel use | use for drug that has not been approved by FDA |
| controlled substance | substance that has high risk for addiction |
| oral medication has a * onset, but is * acting | slow, longer |
| parenteral means | injectable |
| parenteral medications have * onset, but are * acting | quick, shorter |
| 4 storage sites for drugs | bone, fat, liver, kidney |
| what is therapeutic index? | relationship to achieve desired effect and toxic level |
| name chosen by manufacturing comany: short | Trade |
| name that descries molecular structure | chemical |
| common name chosen by company | generic |
| same as compendial or generic | official |
| name given by research/development | code/lab |
| name listed in US Pharmocopoeia Book | compendial |
| 4 things mandatory on drug label: | manufacturers name and address, statas USDA controlled substance, instructions, adverse effects |
| what is multidose syringe used for? | immunizations on cattle farm |
| transmits infor from place to place | Neuron |
| transmits info away from the cell | axon |
| transmits info to the cell | dendrite |
| binds to a receptor | neurotransmitter |
| gap/junction between nerve cells | synapse |
| coats the fibers to transmit info faster | myelin |
| 2 parts of the CNS | brain, spinal cord |
| what parts of the body does the PNS deal with? | muscles, glands, tissues |
| somatic nervous system is * control, while the autonomic nervous system is * control of the body | voluntary, involuntary |
| two parts of autonomic nervous system | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| carries sensory and motor impulses between spinal cord and brain | medulla |
| learning, memory, interpretation of sensory input | cerebrum |
| relay center for sensory impulses | thalamus |
| mediator between nervous system and endocrin system via pituitary gland | hypothalamus |
| stimulation of sympathetic nervous system causes heart rate, respiratory rate and glucose levels to * | increase |
| stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes heart rate, resp rate and glucose levels to * | decrease |
| drugs effect is equal to number of * and drugs * for the receptor | receptors, specificity |
| constriction of arterioles, dilation of pupils | Alpha 1 |
| constriction of skeletal muscles | Alpha 2 |
| increased heart rate, conduction and contracility | Beta 1 |
| dilation of skeletal blood vessels | Beta 2 |
| dilation of coronary and mesenteric blood vessels | Dopaminergic |
| what chemical are the alveoli covered in? | surfactant |
| what is the job of alveoli? | oxygen & CO2 exchange |
| what is the job of alveoli? | oxygen & CO2 exchange |
| Inspiration is active, expiration is passive. True or false? | True |
| 3 goals of tx resp dz | control secretions, control reflexes, keep air flowing to alveoli |
| aerolization of drugs is also known as: | Nebulization |
| define nephrology | study of kidneys |
| define nephron | basic functioning unit of the kidney |
| define retroperitoneal | lower dorsal or caudal dorsal |
| causes of renal damage | heredity, cancer, injury |
| pumps blood into the heart | Vena Cava |
| first chamer the blood reaches | Right Atrium |
| another name for the mitral valve | left atrioventricular valve |
| another name for the tricuspid valve | right atrioventricular valve |
| second chamber that the blood goes in | Right ventricle |
| takes blood to the third chamber | Pulmonary vein |
| third chamber the blood goes in | left atrium |
| last chamber the blood reaches | left ventricle |
| takes blood into the lungs to be oxygenated | pulmonary artery |
| takes oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the body | aorta |
| first part of the small intestine | duodenum |
| second part of the small intestine | jejunum |
| third part of the small intestine | ileum |
| starts the digestive process | salivary glands |
| holds food | stomach |
| tube the food travels down | esophagus |
| in birds | crop |
| forestomach | Rumen |
| true stomach of the cow | abomasum |
| extras that some animals have in their GI tracts | outpocketings |
| define indirect acting hormones | cause target organ to produce a second hormone, which in turn influences a second target organ or tissue |
| define negative feedback | high levels of hormones that let the body know to decrease hormone release |
| 4 stages of estrus | proestrus, estrus, diestrus, anestrus |
| positive electrolytes are called cations, and negative electrolytes are called anions. True or false? | True |
| particles that generate pressure | effective osmoles |
| solutes that move from high to low concentration | diffusion |
| the ability of a particle to attract water | osmotic pressure |
| particles incapable of generating pressure | ineffective osmoles |
| solutes that cannot move, so they attract water | osmosis |
| 2 examples of physical exam findings of a dehydrated patient | tacky mm, delayed CRT |
| Internal pts of eye | anterior chamber, iris, lens |
| External pts of eye | eyelids, cornea, sclera, nictating membrane |
| 4 stages of wound healing | inflammation, debridement, repair, maturation |
| gram positive stain | dark blue, purple |
| gram negative stain | bright pink, red |
| what does MIC stand for? | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
| 3 things about eye medication | drops must be reapplied through the day, thicker solutions applied less often, stain is orange on paper and green in eye |
Created by:
nlchandler87
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