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Test 4
Basic Crop Science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Determinate Plant | Begin flower initiation after the plant has finished its vegetative phase of growth (all grasses are in this classification) |
| Indeterminate Plant | Begin flower initiation as it continues to grow vegetatively |
| Determinate cultivars | Primarily grown in the south |
| Indeterminate cultivars | Primarily grown in the mid-west and north |
| Nutrition | poor nutrition, low Ps rates & high N rates that promote vegetative growth can lower flowering rates |
| Photoperiodism | the flowering response of plants to the light period experienced in a 24-hr day |
| Temperature | Some plants require a cold period below a certain temperature in order to initiate flowering |
| Day neutral plants | do not flower based on day length. Ex- alfalfa, cotton, peanut |
| Short-day plants | begin to flower with longer nights. Ex- soybean, warm season weeds like sicklepod & morningglory |
| Long-day plants | begin to flower with shorter nights. Ex-small grains |
| Vernalization | a requirement for cold temperatures before a plant will begin to flower. Small grains planted in the spring will not flower during the summer. |
| Asexual reproduction | Generating new individuals from the cells of a single parent often using plant parts including roots, stems, etc. |
| Plant sexual reproduction | Generating new individuals by utilizing male and female gametes to produce a fertilized egg (ovule) and the resulting seed for planting |
| Advantages of Asexual Plant Propagation | Offspring has the exact same characteristics as the parent; Increase only requires one parent with no pollen exchange; Increasing plants done with crude implements without genetic crossing necessary; Still requires a breeding program to improve cultiva |
| Complete Flower | A flower having all floral structures, including the sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil |
| Incomplete flower | A flower which lacks one or more of the floral parts |
| Perfect flower | A flower which has male and female floral structures in the same flower (wheat) |
| Imperfect flower | A flower which lacks the male or female floral stuctures |
| Sexual Reproduction | Sperm carried in the pollen from the male part of a flower & fuses with the egg in the female part of the flower. |
| Pollination | Transfer of pollen from the male to the female part of the plant. |
| Self-pollination | Pollen of a plant pollinates a flower of the same plant (cotton can self- and cross pollinate) |
| Cross-pollination | Pollen of one plant pollinates another plant |
| Hybrid | The progeny of two genetically different plants of the same species (corn) |
| Common pollinators | Wind, water, insects, mammals, birds |
| Perianth: | Sepals plus the petals |
| Corolla: | Collective term for petals |
| Calyx: | Collective term for sepals |
| Peduncle: | Stem supporting flower |
| Stamen: | Anther + filament (male) |
| Pistil: | Stigma + ovary + ovule |
| Monoecious plant | A plant species having separate male and female flowers on the same plant (corn) |
| Dioecious plant | A plant species having male and female flowers that are on separate plants (Palmer amaranth) |
| Inflorescence Types | Spike (Ryegrass), Raceme (Bahaiagrass), Panicle (Johnsongrass), Umbel (Wild carrot), Head (Sunflower), Capitulum (Clover) |
Created by:
klr0021
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