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Veggie Production 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eggplant origin | eggplant is semitropical, TROPICAL plan originating in Asia and INDIA |
| Eggplant climate | -eggplant is a WARM SEASON crop that requires 65-85 days to reach market maturity from transplanting -temperatures: daytime- 80-90 F, night- 70-80 F -the eggplant is more susceptible to injury by low temperatures than tomatoes and peppers!!!! |
| Eggplant Soil | - well drained sandy loam, loam, or clay loam soils with a pH of 6.0-6.5 are BEST! -To avoid potential soil-borne illnesses, plant eggplants in soils that have not produced a crop of another solanaceae crop in the past 2-3 years |
| Eggplant Planting | -soil temps should be between 75-90 F at transplant -spacing: 2 by 4 feet -june-july, no earlier than june! |
| Eggplant | good organic, indeterminate |
| Eggplant Harvest | - Gets corky or big if wait too long to harvest! -should be harvested at least 5-6 times at 7-10 day intervals or in better terms: 3 TIMES A WEEK/EVERY 2 DAYS!! |
| Phomopsis Blight: | affects eggplants. concentric rings, splashing water spreads it, use mulch to help and cover sprays |
| Phytophthora Blight: | affects eggplants. HOT, WET weather kills plant, use cover sprays and plastic mulch helps or pine straw and leaves |
| Southern Blight: | white mold, control with rotation and soil solarization |
| Colorado Potato Beetle: (eggplant) | are foliage feeders, control with insecticides including BT are highly effective against CPB larvae |
| Flea Beetle: | larvae feed on plant roots, adult beetles feed on FOLIAGE, control: Insecticides |
| Eggplant storage | -remove eggplants immediately after harvest (lose water) they can be stored at 54 F at 90-95 % humidity for up to a week -When you pick them there are THORNS so beware!! 2-3 plants in garden are PLENTY! |
| Fabaceae | - Legume or Peas -beans an peas (soybeans and peanuts) -perfect flowers: self-pollinate- bees are not required, cross pollination occurs from bees! |
| Cow Peas Origin | -originated in INDIA moved to Africa and then to America -common names: blackeyed peas, crowwders, filed peas, cowpeas or just peas |
| Cow Peas | -fix nitrogen: rhizobium -nutrition: high in PROTEIN, energy, and fiber -GREEN MANURE- crop |
| Cow Pea Types | o Cream: small pods/peas “white acre” –lady fingers o Crowder: “Mississippi Silver” “Mississippi Purple” o Blackeye: “Magnolia” |
| Cow Pea Planting Dates | Spring (May 1) Fall crop (July 15) and 55-65 days to mature |
| Cow Pea Seeding Rates | direct-seed, 4-6 seeds ***(4 inch by 3 ft) that are 1 inch deep |
| Cow Pea Harvesting | -“mature green stage” when pods completely filled-out, but not yet beginning to dry→ ROUND v. flat -last 3-5 weeks→pick twice a week after that, DON’T LET THEM DRY ON THE VINE VERY BAD! |
| Cow Pea Weed Control | must control weeds it is a big problem, GRASS CONTROL is the #1 problem- just know that HERBICIDE, MOW, MULCH, CULTIVATE is what fixes weeds! |
| Cowpea Curculio | #1 problem for peas .•Adults lay eggs within peas •Look for “warty” blister on pods •Overwinter (OW) as adults •“Wormy peas” control at bloom start insecticide sprays |
| Thrips | cause “mouse ear” normally no control, early spring the leaves will curl |
| aphids (peas) | normally will CRASH but transmits diseases/viruses, normally don’t spray |
| Stink Bugs (peas) | feed on buds, blossoms, seed-pods control: difficult, especially BROWN stinkbugs, spray with insecticides or grow a TRAP CROP—to distract! |
| Pea Storage | peas easily “heat” and spoil- forced air to cool to 45 F |
| Lima Bean Origin | 7,000 year old lima bean found in Peru |
| 2 types of Lima Beans | Climbing (pole limas): easier to pick but have to build a trellis bush types: taste better, but harder to pick |
| Lima Beans (poisonus?) | wild types have high levels of cyanide (cyanogenic glucoside). cultivated varieties have this in lower amounts but do not eat them raw |
| Lima bean nutrition | high in protein, energy, and fiber |
| Lima Bean: Days to Harvest | 1. Bush: 60-70 days 2. Pole: 90 dayes |
| butterpea | cross between a blackeye pea and a butterbean |
| Lima Bean Planting Dates | -April 15 (July 15) - plant pretty deep - water 1/2 inch twice per week |
| Lima Bean Weed Control | -cultivate: shallow, several times -pre-emergent herbicide - mulch - post emergent herbicides |
| Lima bean disease | very susceptible to nematode damage |
| nematode | microscopic worms that get into the roots of plants. Solarize and kill them |
| stem anthracnose | major disease of LIMA BEANS> can infect all above ground parts. Entire plant can be killed. The plant will get spots on the foliage and the fruit |
| Damping off | shore shin |
| Mexican Bean Beetle | adult looks like a big lady but. Chew on the underside of the leaves but do not eat the fruit. No need to use pesticide |
| Lima Bean Harvest | when the pods are filled. Remove to a cool and shaded area |
| Cucurbitaceae | the gourd family. tropical in origin. W |
| Cucurbitaceae flowers | most are monoecious, have male and female flowers on the same plant but in a different location. Must have pollination from bees |
| Watermelon origin | unknown. was known to the egyptians before 2000 BC, some thing it was domesticated in Africa |
| wild watermelons | David Livingston reported seeing them in large fields in Africa |
| Jubilee Watermelons | large oblong with dark green striped with light green in between (25-35lbs) |
| Charleston Grey | light green, no stripes, oblong (25-35lbs) |
| Crimson Sweet | round with dark green and light green striped rind (20-30lbs) |
| All Sweet | small oblong with dark green rind with a light yellow strip (15-25lbs) |
| Icebox | small round (<10lbs) bred to be small to fit in the refrigerator. seedless |
| triploid watermelon | seedless. developed by creating watermelons with double the usual number of chromosomes and then crossing them with a normal watermelon. Seedless watermelon has 1.5 that amount of normal chromosomes (will not form a viable seed) |
| watermelon mosaic virus | aphid transmitted. control using resistant varieties and control aphids. can also use reflective mulching |
| Cucumber beetles | Do not vector bacterial wilt to watermelons, but cause heavy foliage damage and must be controlled. |
| Wireworms and whitefringed beetle larvae | both feed on the roots. Plant may grow a little then wilt and die. No easy control for a home gardener |
| aphids | vector viruses |
| cutworms | feed on young seedlings or developing melons. active only at night |
| pickleworm (watermelon) | like watermelon the least. Extremely lat plantings are subject to attack. |
| When to harvest Watermelon | 1. tendril next to the melon dries out 2. belly turns yellow 3. thumping- if you thump it and it has a ping sound it is not ready. If it makes a dull sound like it is hollow it is ready |
| cucurbita pepto | summer squash. originated in mexic |
| Types of Summer Squash | crook neck, straight neck, zucchini, scallop. |
| Summer Squash Planting | direct seed, plant April 15th |
| Bush Type Squash | straight neck, and crook neck |
| Vining Type Squash | winter squash (butternut). needs more space |
| Spraying Squash | squash are monoecious, so if you have to spray, spray it late in the day so you don't kill bees you need for pollination. (Dusk or dark is best) |
| Squash Diseases | viruses #1 problem in squash. aphid transmitted viruses. |
| Stylet oil | an organic way to control aphids. cleans aphid mouthparts |
| Squash Fungal diseases | not much of a problem, no cover spray required |
| pickleworm (squash) | prefer squash. arrive early to mid june |
| scout | look for worms in blooms. spray every 5-7 days until under control |
| squash vine borer | feed mainly on squash sometimes on melons and cucumbers. Frass may extrude from stems. Very damaging to squash. Eggs laid in late May/early June. Can kill your plants. The later you go in the summer the worse they get |
| squash vine borer control | inject BT solution into stem. But it is best to spray during the egg lay (early June and early August) |
| Squash Bugs | feed on cucurbits. Appear early in spring. Secretes a highly toxic saliva and the whole plant will wilt. Can kill your entire plant |
| Cucumber Beetles | vector bacterial wilt, which can kill the whole plant. They get a bacterium in their guy and vector it through feces. |
| Harvesting Squash | harvest every other day or 3 times a week. The bigger they are the worse they taste. Will get a glossy appearance. |
| cultivation | shallow tillage, primary tillage |
| mulching | best way for most gardeners (dry leaves, pinestraw) |
| sweep | goes in the soil about an inch and clips the top off the weeds between rows |
| pesticides | a chemical that kills, prevents, or controls a pest. Even clorox and lysol are considered pesticides because they claim to kill bacteria |
| pre-emergent herbicides | the best control method. control weeds as they germinate. great on annual grasses |
| Before controlling a pest | -you need to identify it first - it may not be a pest, may be a beneficial - Select the best control |
| IPM | integrated pest management. a single plan with a combination of tactics, using natural and applied controls. |
| sanitation | involved cleaning up. Great way to prevent pests. Eliminate spills, wood piles, garbage, and dead plants |
| Pesticide label | is the the law! misuse of a pesticide can result in fines and/or jailtime. |
| rubber gloves | wearing rubber gloves will reduce your risk of exposure to pesticides by 99%. because we use our hands to much |
| Minimum body protection when using pesticides | long pants, long sleeves, closed shoes and socks. |
| fabaceae | legumes. beans and peas, including soybeans and peanuts |
| inoculate seed | 1st time planting peas you need to add bacteria. Go to the co-op and buy Rhizobium (should be refrigerated). Add to seed, mix with coke |
Created by:
asculpepper
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