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Academia bowl
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the most common breed of cattle used in milk production in both Missouri and the United States | Holstein |
| How do we identify heifers that are vaccinated against brucellosis? | Official tattoo in the right ear Official USDA orange metal tag in right ear |
| Traumatic reticuloperitonitis is commonly known as | hardware disease |
| which chamber of the ruminant stomach is called the butchers bible | omasum |
| which chamber of the ruminant stomach is called the true stomach | abomasum |
| where would you prep a cow if a right flank pyloric omentopexy was being preformed | right paralumbar fossa |
| which mineral deficiency is associated with milk fever in dairy cattle | calcium |
| which mineral is associated with grass tetany in cattle | magnesium |
| circling disease in cattle is caused by | listeria monocytogens |
| mulberry heart disease is associated with which deficiency | selenium/VitE |
| diamond back skin lesions are pathognomonic for what infection | Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae |
| what is the average gestation of swine | 114 days or 3 months 3 weeks 3 days |
| when using the universal ear notching system which ear identifies a pigs litter | right |
| average lactation length in a goat is | 10 months |
| in swine, use of halothane for general anesthesia is associated with risk of what | Malignant hyperthermia |
| what is the most common cause of abortion in goats | chlamydia psittaci (chlamydophila) |
| the term for inflammation of the urinary bladder is | cystitis |
| high potassium levels in the blood is known as | hyperkalemia |
| low sodium levels in the blood is known as | hyponatremia |
| the antidote for anticoagulant rat poison is | vitamin K |
| the name of the disease caused by the parvovirus in cats is | panleukopenia |
| the name of the endocrine structure which secretes melatonis is | pineal gland (body) |
| the cells in the pancreas which secrete insulin are | beta cells |
| the condition in cats that is associated with taurine deficiency is | dilated cardiomyopathy |
| the medial term for the ineffectual straining to deficate is | tenesmus |
| the medical term for drinking more water than is normal | polydipsia |
| the hormone that lowers blood glucose levels by aiding in passage of glucose into the cells is | insulin |
| the common name for hypoadrenocorticism is | addison's disease |
| the common name for hyperadrenocorticism is | cushing's disease |
| the medical term for a declaw is | onychectomy |
| the causative agent for Lyme disease is | borrelia burgdorferi |
| the medical term for skin is | integument |
| the medical term for itching is | pruritis |
| the medical term for difficult birth is | dystocia |
| the anthelmintic to which collies often have adverse effects is | ivermectin |
| a decrease in white blood cells is | leukopenia |
| the upper respiratory virus which causes oral ulcerations in cats is | calicivirus |
| the intermediate host for heartworms is | mosquitoes |
| the intermediate host for Dipylidium caninum is | flea |
| the type of virus that carses feline infectious peritonitis is | coronavirus |
| the type of virus that causes feline viral rhinotracheitis is | herpes virus |
| the nutrient that is sometimes referred to as ash is | minerals |
| the protein metabolism waste product that is excreted by the kidneys is | urea |
| the type of test needed to check cats for heartworms is | antibody test |
| what does the acronym ELISA stand for | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| the commonly administered drug to treat tick borne disease is | tetracycline |
| the type of crystal that can be found in the urine as a result of ethylene glycol poisoning is | calcium oxylate |
| methemoglobinemia is a sign of this toxicity | acetaminophen |
| where should the rabies vaccination be given in cats | right hind leg |
| a woods lamp is used to diagnose this common condition in dogs | microsporum canis (ringworm) |
| how long should an animal be quarantined if suspected of having rabies | 10 days |
| cutaneous larval migrans is due to this parasite | ancylostoma caninum |
| visceral larval migrans is due to this parasite | toxicara canis |
| this companion animal is the carrier of toxoplasma gondii | cat |
| what can cause undulant fever in humans | brucellosis |
| the disease in cattle that is caused by a prion | BSE Mad cow disease |
| this equine parasite is best detected using the cellophane tape technique | oxyuris equi |
| this parasite is the round worm in horses | parascaris equorum |
| the intermediate host for Fasciola hepatica is | snail |
| the equine parasite which causes blockage of the cranial mesenteric artery is | strongylus vulgaris |
| this small animal parasite ova resembles strongyle eggs in horses | hookworm |
| this is the scientific name of the soft bodied tick | otobius megnini |
| the scientific name of the american dog tick is | dermacentor variabilis |
| the scientific name for the lone star tick is | ambyloma americanum |
| the scientific name for the brown dog tick is | rhipicephalus sanguineous |
| common name of the fly thought to be responsible for the greatest economic losses in US cattle is | horn fly |
| the equine microfilaria parasite that causes patch alopecia and depigmentation is | onchocerca |
| what does OSHA stand for | occupational safety and health administration |
| what does the acronym MSDS stand for | material safety data sheet |
| the class of disinfectant to which Nolvasan belongs to is | chlorhexidine gluconate |
| the common name for sodiumhypochlorite is | bleach |
| the season in which horses should be treated for bots is | fall |
| the protozan parasite which causes fetal resorption and abortion in cattle is | trichomonas foetus |
| the species of mite that is the ear mite in rabbits | psoroptes |
| the species of mite that commonly lives in the ears of cats is | otodectes |
| the organism that causes hemolytic uremic syndrome in humans is | E. coli |
| the liver fluke in cattle is | faciola hepatica |
| the counting device used to do quantitative fecal examinations is | McMaster Chamber |
| the agent used in gas sterilization is | ethylene oxide |
| the mite that is called the "fur mite" or "walking dandruff" is | Cheyletiella |
| the power at which fecal samples should be routinely examined is | 10X |
| what does "zoonotic" disease mean | a disease that can be naturally transmitted from animals to humans |
| an arthropod vector which transmits an infective organism from one host to another but is not essential to the life cycle of the parasite is known as (mechanical/biological) | mechanical |
| what is a defivitive host | the vector that hosts the sexually mature parasite |
| in a generic nematode lifecycle, which stage of development is infective | L3 |
| what does it mean for a parasite to have a direct lifecycle | there are no free living larva, the entire lifecycle takes place within the host |
| how do cestodes take in nutrients from the host | use their large surface area to absorb nutrients |
| what are the intermediate hosts of Taenia spp | mouse or rabbit |
| which lifecycle stage of Toxoplasma gondii is responsible for infecting the placenta in humans | tachyzoite |
| what is the only protozoan flagellate to parasitize the small intestine | Giradia lamblia |
| what is the term used to describe lous infection | pediculosis |
| what cestode is Ctenocephalides spp an intermediate host for | dipylidium caninum |
| cheyleteilla spp is commonly known as | Walking dandruff |
| in what category of sedative drugs is xylazine | alpha 2 agonist |
| of the commonly used gas anesthetic agents in veterinary medicine, which has the lowest solubility (partition) coefficient | sevoflurane |
| name three actions of atropine | increase HR, dry secretions/saliva, dilate pupils (mydriasis)- prevent cilliary spasm, antidote or organophosphate activity |
| butorphanol is what schedule of controlled substance | IV |
| what are the reversal agents for xylazine | yohimbine and tolazoline |
| which governmental agency regulates animal pesticides | EPA - environmental protective agency |
| to which type of dog should most thiobarbituates not be administered | sighthounds |
| which opioid analgesic is usually administered in the form of a transdermal patch | fentanyl |
| what is the reversal agent for opioid toxicity | naloxone (narcan) |
| in what category of drug is the sedative dexmedetomidine | alpha 2 agonist |
| what is the most common trade name for xylazine | Rompun |
| what is the name of the reversal agent for dexmedetomidine | atipamezole (antesedan) |
| name a beta blocker often used in veterinary medicine | atenolol, propranolol |
| which is the diuretic of choice when treating congestive heart failure | furosemide |
| which is the preferred order of administration of emergency drugs | IV, IT, IC |
| what is the cause of sinus arrhythmia in dogs | change in vagal tone with respiration |
| what schedule is the controlled drug diazepam | IV |
| what is the name of the drug used as a respiratory stimulant with anesthetic complications or in newborn animals | doxapram |
| name two uses for quaifenisin | induces anesthesia in horses and expectorant |
| what is the name of the drug most often found in euthanasia solutions | pentobarbital |
| what sedative drug is often used to stimulate appetite in cats | diazepam |
| what is the fluid portion of clotted blood called | serum |
| This is used to keep whole blood from clotting for CBC’s | EDTA |
| What is the medical term for loss of hair | Alopecia |
| What is the medical term for inflammation of the tissue surrounding the eye | Conjunctivitis |
| What is the medical term for reduction or elimination of pain | Analgesia |
| What lab method is used to detect Tricurius vulpis | Fecal |
| What is a castrated sheep called | Wether |
| What is a “free martin” | A female calf born twin to a male |
| What is it called when the bones in a joint are rearranged | Luxation |
| What does the prefix Hypo- mean | Under or below |
| What does the suffix –oma mean | Opening or hole |
| Is Nolvasan (chlorhexadine) bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal | Bacteriostatic |
| What is a pecking order | A way of showing dominance within a group of animals. |
| What are the three states of a solution | Gas, Liquid, Solid |
| What is the gestational period of a canine bitch | 60 - 63 days |
| What is Estrus | The time when a female animal shows signs of heat. When a female is receptive or will accept the male for breeding. |
| What are the four chambers of the ruminant stomach in order of food passage | Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum, Abomasum |
| Where does primary absorption of nutrients take place | Small Intestine |
| What is nephritis | Inflammation of the kidney |
| What is the largest organ of the body | Skin |
| What is the purpose of bile | Emulsify fats and aids intestinal wall absorb fats |
| What blood cells are considered polymorphonuclear | Neutrophils |
| Calcium plays a very important role in doing what in the blood | Clotting |
| What are the three layers of the heart | Epicardium, Endocardium and Myocardium |
| The loop from the heart back to the lungs is called what | Pulmonary circulation |
| What is the normal heart rate of a feline | 180 - 220 bpm |
| What is Metabolism | Anabolic and catabolic processes |
| What is the organism that causes Brucellosis in cattle | Brucella abortus |
| What can be done to help eliminate Black Leg on a farm | Burn all infected carcasses and bury them |
| What type of cartilage is found on articular joint surfaces | Hyaline |
| When a muscle decreases in size from disuse it is called | Atrophy |
| What is the medical term for a rapid heart rate | Tachycardia |
| When running an ECG (EKG) you place which electrodes on which limbs | RF – white LF – Black RR- Green LR - Red |
| What color is the urinary bladder on an ultrasound | Black |
| What does a capnograph measure | Carbon dioxide |
| Difficult, labored breathing is termed | Dyspnea |
| What carries urine from the kidney to the bladder | Ureter |
| Which species has a heart shaped Kidney | Horse |
| What is the parasympathetic effect on heart rate | Decreased heart rate |
| A hole between the mouth and nasal passage, which remains after an upper canine tooth is lost or extracted, is known as | Oronasal fistula |
| In standard dental charting, how are extracted teeth noted | Marked with an “X” |
| In standard dental charting, how are missing teeth noted | Blacked out or circled |
| What dental radiographic technique is used for the canine tooth | Bisecting angle |
| What surface does the buccal side of the tooth represent | Toward cheek |
| Give one example of a self retaining urinary catheter | Foley |
| Which radiographic contrast agent is contraindicated in a perforated bowel | Barium |
| Which opioid is used orally in cats | Buprenorphine |
| What is the disadvantage of using bleach in cages | Corrosive |
| What does the acronym OU stand for | Both eyes |
| What are the three auditory ossicles of the middle ear | Malleus, incus, stapes or stirrup, anvil and hammer |
| What is the medical term for absence or loss of appetite for food | Anorexia |
| What is the common name for the stifle joint | Knee |
| What is the point of attachment for a non-rebreathing system on the anesthesia machine | Common or fresh gas outlet |
| Name one method of indirect blood pressure monitoring | Oscillometric or doppler |
| Name the stage and plane of anesthesia considered appropriate for most surgical procedures | Stage 3, Plane 2 |
| What two organ systems are responsible for metabolism and excretion of most injectable anesthetics | Liver and kidneys |
| Which needle holder has a built in scissor | Olsen Hager |
| Give the medical term for declawing | Onchectomy |
| What is the medical term for squinting | Blepharospasm |
| What do we call the medical condition of water on the brain | Hydrocephalus |
| What chemical substance is released from vesicles at the neuromuscular junction upon the arrival of a nerve impulse | Acetylcholine |
| Which muscle type is described as involuntary and striated | Cardiac muscle |
| Inflammation of the anterior chamber of the eye is called | Uveitis |
| What is the structure of the eye that contains cataract | Lens |
| What instrument is used to measure gingival sulcus depth | Dental probe |
| Parvovirus is excreted by what primary route | Feces |
| Radioactive iodine therapy is used to treat what condition | Hyperthyroidism |
| What is the triadan system used for in dentistry | A tooth identification system designed to aid in dental charting |
| What is the most common benign soft tissue tumor found in the oral cavity | Epulis |
| A dog that is exposed to distemper prenatally may develop what oral pathologic condition | Enamel hypoplasia |
| When feeding a guinea pig exclusively rabbit chow, what is deficient in their diet | Vitamin C |
| The most common nutritional problem in dogs and cats is what | Obesity |
| An all meat diet will cause a deficiency in what nutrient | Calcium |
| The lack of what nutrient is associated with prolonged clotting time | Vitamin K |
| Name the four lipid-soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K |
| The preferred ratio of hours of light to darkness for most laboratory rodents is | 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark |
| What is the causative agent for Snuffles in rabbits | Pasturella multocida |
| What is pyrexia | Fever |
| What does the term nystagmus refer to | The eyes moving in a horizontal, vertical or rotational motion repetitively |
| The regulatory agency that oversees the development and approval of animal topical pesticides is | The EPA |
| True or False: Respiratory arrest is always fatal | False |
| Brain damage can occur when there is inadequate oxygenation of the tissues for longer than minutes | 8 minutes |
| True or False: Waste anesthetic gases are a potential hazard to personnel, but problems that arise are really only for a short term in nature | False |
| True or False: The safest way to transport a high pressure tank, such as an oxygen tank, is by rolling it across the floor | False |
| True or False: An anesthetic agent with a low MAC is more potent than an agent with a high MAC | True |
| Alpha 2 agonists are metabolized in the liver and excreted by what organ | Kidney |
| Ketamine is most useful in treating pain in what part of the body | Skin |
| What is buphthalmia | Enlargement and distension of the globe of the eye |
| What are the mnemonics for the key steps in basic life support and what do they stand for | A – Airway – Establish airway B – Breathing – Once every 3-5 seconds C – Circulation – 80-120 compressions/minute |
| A dog weighs 34kg. Approximately how much does the dog weigh in pounds | 74.8 lbs |
| True or False: Dimethyl Sulfoxide is a safe anti-inflammatory used in all animals | False - DMSO is very soluble and can penetrate cell membranes and mucosa easily. Must wear protective clothing ( gloves), when administering DMSO. Not labeled for use in food production animals as there is no withdrawal time available |
| True or False: It is safe to give feline acetaminophen orally for minor soreness and fever | False - severely toxic to cats due to their inability to excrete metabolites |
| What drug is most commonly used to lower a high blood glucose result | Insulin |
| What is chronic pain | Pain equal to or lasting longer than 72 hours |
| What class of drugs does Ketamine belong to | Dissociative |
| The bacterial agent in Strangles is | Streptococcus equi |
| The sedative that can sometimes cause paraphimosis in horses is | Acepromazine |
| A Coggins test is used to diagnose | Equine Infectious Anemia |
| True or False: Heart murmurs and arrhythmias are extremely common in horses | True |
| How is Equine Infectious Anemia transmitted | Horseflies and deerflies |
| What is the most common cause of death in neonatal foals | Failure of passive transfer of immunoglobulins |
| When is failure of passive transfer in foals treated (Hours) | 18-24hrs of age |
| How is failure of passive transfer in foals treated | Intravenous equine plasma |
| Which lymphocytes are involved in antibody production | B lymphocytes |
| What is the first phagocyte to respond to infection | Neutrophils |
| Which type of immune response refers to production of antibodies | Humoral |
| Which leukocyte is associated with allergic and parasitic conditions | Eosinophils |
| What is the correct term for red blood cell formation | Erythropoiesis |
| What cells actually produce immunoglobulins | Plasma cells |
| Which diagnostic test is used to determine autoimmune hemolytic anemia | Coombs test |
| What does the acronym BUN stand for | Blood urea nitrogen |
| What is the normal urine specific gravity in a dog | 1.025 |
| Where is fibrinogen produced | Liver |
| The kVp setting on an x-ray machine controls the | Quality of the x-ray beam, shades of gray and subject contrast |
| The mAs setting on an x-ray machine controls the | Quantity of electrons emitted or film contrast |
| What is the minimum distance (in feet) that a safelight in the darkroom should be away from the work site | 4 feet |
| You are looking at a film that is totally clear except for a bit of black that you notice along the edges. Your film has not been: | Exposed to radiation |
| A bullet fragment on a film appears as a: | White mark |
| A radiation film badge worn at the collar level is monitoring exposure to what areas of your body | Head and neck region – thyroid and lens |
| The most common dental procedure performed on a horse is: | Floating teeth |
| A bulldog would be described as having what type of head shape | Brachycephalic |
| Inflammation of the mouth’s soft tissue is called: | Stomatitis |
| The purpose of polishing during the dental prophy is | To smooth out the rough areas and retard plaque formation |
| The hormone produced by a developing ovarian follicle is | Estrogen |
| Which of these species is an induced ovulator:* Bovine, Equine, Canine, Feline | Feline |
| Adult dogs have what total number of teeth | 42 |
| What abdominal organ is absent in the horse and rat | Gallbladder |
| What is unique about the ruminant oral cavity | Presence of a dental pad, absence of upper incisors |
| The hormone responsible for maintaining pregnancy is | Progesterone |
| The structure produced after an ovarian follicle has ruptured and released its ovum is called: | Corpus Luteum |
| The first cervical vertebrae, C1 is referred to as the | Atlas |
| Hardware disease is usually associated with ingestion of nails, wire, or other sharp objects. The portion of the stomach that collects these objects is the | Reticulum |
| It is generally safe to extubate the patient when the patient starts to ______ | Swallow |
| Sevoflurane is primarily eliminated from the body by | Respiration |
| True or False; Nonrebreathing systems are generally recommended for patients weighing more than 15 lbs. | False, recommended for less than 7kg |
| An esophageal stethoscope can be used to monitor what to two things | Heart and respiratory rates |
| The piece of equipment that facilitates intubating a patient is the | Laryngoscope |
| What is the color of nitrous oxide cylinders | Blue |
| The most common artery to use when assessing the pulse of a dog or cat is | Femoral |
| The pressure in a full medical O2 tank is | 2000 psi |
| What is the unit of measurement for insulin* Milliliters or International units | International units |
| According to the American Animal Hospital Association, SOP refers to | Standard operating procedure |
| OTC refers to | Over the counter |
| Snuffles in rabbits is most commonly caused by | Pasteurella multocida |
| Which of the following rodents have cheek pouches *Gerbil or Hamster | Hamster |
| Estrogen toxicity resulting from prolonged estrus is a common clinical problem in which of the following species *Ferret, Rabbit, Hamster, Guinea pig | Ferret |
| Young mice and rats are called | pups |
| Rodents are generally fed ad libitum, which means | Free choice |
| A neutered female ferret is called a | Jill |
| A castrated hog is called a | Barrow |
| A bovine that has been castrated at a young age is called a | Steer |
| Normal voided urine is clear except in which of the following species *Canine, Bovine, Feline, Equine | Horses |
| Which one of the following would not be on a urine dipstick *Glucose, Blood, Protein, BUN | BUN |
| What kind of blood is most commonly used for blood gases *Venous or Arterial | Arterial |
| The anticoagulant of choice for avian and reptile hematology is *Sodium citrate, Potassium oxalate, Lithium heparin | Lithium heparin |
| The red top vacutainer tube should sit for how long before centrifugation, allowing the clot to form * 5 minutes, 1 hour, 30 minutes | 30 minutes |
| A four oz bottle contains how many milliters | 120 mls |
| You just administered 1.5 mLs of penicillin (300,000 U/mL). How many units did you administer | 450,000 units |
| Which of these animals is a common reservoir for rabies virus * Rabbit, Rat, Skunk | Skunk |
| How long does a modified live vaccine remain effective after it is mixed if it is left at room temperature | Mixed vaccines are viable for up to 1 hour |
| The veterinarian notes that a horse is a cryptorchid. What does this mean | One of the testicles has not descended. |
| What size scalpel blade fits on a no. 4 scalpel handle * 10 or 22 | 22 |
| A surgical pack double wrapped in muslin and kept in a closed cabinet is good for how long * 4 weeks, 6 months, indefinitely | 6 months |
| Which agent is usually avoided when anesthetizing horses: *Xylazine, Atropine, Guaifenesin, Thiopental | Atropine-Colic has been associated with atropine due to depressant effect on gut motility |
| Drug used for epidural analgesia is *Thiopental, Ketamine, Propofol, Lidocaine | Lidocaine |
| The obturator foramen is found *At the base of the skull,In the mandible,In the maxillary bone, In the pelvis | In the pelvis |
| Inflammation of the mammary glands is termed *Hepatitis, Blepharitis, Mastitis, Enteritis | Mastitis |
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