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Chapter 4
Nervous System Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Acepromazine | Class: Tranquilizer (Phenothiazine derivative) Trade name: Promace Use: Sedation/tranquilization, analgesia Adverse effects: Hypotension, hypothermia, lower seizure thresholds |
| Amitriptyline | Class: Antidepressants (Tricyclics) Trade name: Elavil Use: tx separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fear aggression, hyperactivity/hypervocalization, urine marking. Adverse effects: sedation, tachycardia, mydriasis, dry mouth/eyes, constipati |
| Apomorphine | Class: Opioid Agonist (Synthetic narcotic) Trade name: N/A (generic) Use: Inducing vomiting Adverse effects: Resp depression, excitement (cat & horse), V/D, panting, convulsions |
| Atipamezole | Class: Adrenergic Blocking Agent (Alpha blocker) Trade name: Antisedan Use: Reversal for medetomidine, disrupt SNS Adverse effects: N/A |
| Atropine | Class: Cholinergic Blocking Agent Trade name: Many Use: Preanesthetic, antidote to organophosphate, dilate pupils/control ciliary spasm, slow gut, tx bradycardia Adverse effects: Overdose (drowsy, tachycardia, photophobia, constipation, anxiety) |
| Bethanechol | Class: Cholinergic (Direct-acting) Trade name: Urecholine Use: tx GI & urinary tract atony Adverse effects: bradycardia, low BP, V/D, increased GI activity/bronchial secretions |
| Buprenorphine | Class: Opioid Agonist (synthetic) Trade name: Bupranex Use: Analgesic Adverse effects: resp depression, excitement (cat & horse), V/D, panting, convulsions |
| Butorphanol | Class: Opioid Agonist (synthetic) Trade name: Torbutrol, Torbugesic Use: Antitussive, analgesic, preanesthetic, tx colic pain in horses Adverse effects: resp depression, excitement (cat & horse), V/D, panting, convulsions |
| Clomipramine | Class: Antidepressant (Tricyclic) Trade name: Anafranil, Clomicalm Use: tx separation anxiety, obsessive disorders, fear aggression, hyperactivity/hypervocalization, urine marking |
| Diazepam | Class: Tranquilizer, Anti-seizure, Antianxiety Trade name: Valium, Vazepam Use: Sedation, relieve anxiety, tx seizures, appetite stim, urine marking, aggression Adverse effects: lethargy, PU/PD, CNS depression, excitability (dogs) |
| Dobutamine | Class: Adrenergic Agent Trade name: Dobutrex Use: short-term tx of heart failure Adverse effects: tachycardia, high BP, nervousness, arrhythmia |
| Dopamine | Class: Adrenergic Agent Trade name: Intropin Use: tx shock & CHF, increase renal perfusion Adverse effects: tachycardia, high BP, nervousness, arrhythmia |
| Epinephrine | Class: Adrenergic Agent Trade name: Adrenalin Use: Increase HR & cardiac output, bronchodilation, increase metabolic rate Adverse effects: tachycardia, high BP, nervousness, arrhythmia |
| Fentanyl | Class: Opioid Agonist (synthetic) Trade name: Sublimaze Use: Transdermal patches for pain relief Adverse effects: resp depression, excitement (cat & horse), V/D, panting, convulsion |
| Fluoxetine | Class: Antidepressant (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) Trade name: Prozac, Reconcile Use: Obsession, phobias, aggression, anxiety Adverse effects: Anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, nausea, anxiety |
| Glycopyrrolate | Class: Anticholinergic Trade name: Robinul-V Use: Preanesthetic Adverse effects: Overdose (drowsy, tachycardia, photophobia, constipation, anxiety) |
| Isoflurane | Class: Inhalant Anesthetic Trade name: Forane, Isoflo Use: Induce & maintain general anesthesia Adverse effects: Overdose/death, waste gas |
| Medetomidine | Class: Tranquilizer Trade name: Domitor Use: Sedative, analgesic Adverse effects: bradycardia, decreased RR, hypothermia, hyperglycemia, urinating, vomiting |
| Metoclopramide | Class: Cholinergic (Direct-acting) Trade name: Reglan Use: Control vomiting, promote GI emptying Adverse effects: Bradycardia, low BP, V/D, increased GI activity/bronchial secretions |
| Morphine | Class: Opioid Agonist (natural) Trade name: Duramorph Use: tx severe pain, preanesthetic/anesthetic, anxiety assoc w/ CHF Adverse effects: Resp depression, V/D, excitement (cat & horse), convulsions |
| Naloxone | Class: Opioid Antagonist Trade name: Narcan Use: Antagonize effects of opioid agonists Adverse effects: N/A |
| Organophosphate | Class: Cholinergic (Indirect-Acting) Trade name: Combot, Task, Atgard Use: Insecticide dips Adverse effects: SLUDGE (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, GI upset, Emesis) |
| Phenobarbital | Class: Barbiturate (long-acting) Trade name: Luminal Use: Anticonvulsant (prevent seizures) Adverse effects: CNS depression/excitement, severe resp/CV depression |
| Phenoxybenzamine | Class: Adrenergic Blocking Agent Trade name: Dibenzyline Use: Vasodilator Adverse effects: low BP, tachycardia |
| Phenylpropanolamine | Class: Adrenergic Agent Trade name: Ornade, Prolamine, Dexatrim Use: tx urinary incontinence in dogs Adverse effects: Tachycardia, high BP, nervousness, arrhythmia, pulmonary edema |
| Pralidoxime | Class: Anticholinergic Trade name: Protopam, 2-PAM Use: tx organophosphate toxicity Adverse effects: Overdose (drowsy, tachycardia, photophobia, constipation, anxiety) |
| Selegiline | Class: Antidepressant Trade name: Anipryl, Atapryl, Eldepryl Use: tx old-dog dementia, K9 Cushing's Adverse effects: V/D, anorexia, restlessness, lethargy, salivation, shaking, deafness |
| Sevoflurane | Class: Inhalant Anesthetic Trade name: SevoFlo Use: Induce & maintain general anesthesia Adverse effects: Overdose/death, waste gas |
| Xylazine | Class: Tranquilizer Trade name: Rompun, Anased Use: Analgesia (horse), tranquilizer Adverse effects: Bradycardia, low BP/RR, increased sensitivity to epi |
| Yohimbine | Class: Adrenergic Blocking Agent Trade name: Yobine Use: Antidote for xylazine toxicity Adverse effects: muscle tremors |
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