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Bacteria 2301
Bacteria notes for Canine and Feline Management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bacteria was first observed by _____ | Leeuwenhoek in 1676 with a single lens microscope |
| What is bacteria? | a single-celled microorganism with a variety of shapes |
| What shapes does bacteria have? | Spheres, rods, spirals |
| Bacteria are also known as ______ because they don't contain a _____. | Prokaryotes, nucleus. |
| What is a membrane bound organelle? | Genetic material contained in a single circular chromosome in the cytoplasm of the cell (nucleoid) |
| What is seen in a prokaryotic? | cell wall (+/- capsule), cell/plasma membrane, nucleoid, cytoplasm, ribosomes, +/-: pili/plasmids/flagellum, few have endospores |
| What is seen in a eukaryotic? | Cell/plasma membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, vacuoles, lysosomes |
| Bacterial cells outnumber the other cells in our bodies by _____ | 10:1 |
| Most common diseases caused by bacteria | Respiratory diseases |
| Bacteria morphology: Spherical | Cocci/coccus |
| Bacteria morphology: Rod | Bacilli/Bacillus |
| What does the cell membrane do? | Holds nutrients, proteins, and other components of cytoplasm within the cell |
| Where is the genetic material kept? | In the nucleoid |
| What do you treat infections with? | Antibiotics |
| What is bacteria also used for? | Agricultural processes |
| What industrial processes is bacteria used for? | Waste treatment, cheese and yogurt production, manifacture of antibiotics and other chemicals |
| What does the cell wall surround? | The cell membrane |
| What is essential to survival of many bacteria? | Cell wall |
| _____ kills bacteria by ____________ | Penicillin, inhibiting a step in synthesis of cell wall |
| How many types of cell wall are there? | 2 types |
| What do you call a thick cell wall with many layers? | Gram positive |
| What do you call a thin cell wall? | Gram negative |
| What does the difference in the thickness of the cell wall affect? | Antibiotic susceptibility |
| Gram staining is named after _______ | Hans Christian Gram, a Danish bacteriologist |
| What stain stains both gram negative and positive bacteria? | Crystal violet |
| What fixes the stain in gram positive bacteria? | Gram's iodine |
| What washes the stain from gram negative bacteria? | Ethanol or acetone |
| _______ is a counterstain that will re-stain gram negative bacteria while not interfering with the previous stain in gram positive bacteria | Safranin |
| _______ is a network of polysaccharides | Glycocalyx |
| The glycocalyx surrounds the ____ _____ | Cell wall |
| ____ ____ is a disorganized extra-cellular polymer | Slime layer |
| _____ is highly structured | Capsule |
| What does the Glycocalyx do? | Protects from engulfment by macrophages, act as antigens, cell recognition, allows attachment to inert surfaces (teeth, rocks, etc...) |
| What makes up the endospores? | A central core of cytoplasm containing DNA and ribosomes surrounded by cortex layer |
| What protects the endospores? | An impermeable and rigid coat |
| The endospore contains the genera of what gram positive bacteria? | Bacillus and clostridium |
| Endospores can survive | UV light, gamma radiation, detergents/disinfectants, heat, pressure, drying, exposures to vacuum/radiation in space |
| How do you get sick from Bacillus Anthracis endospores? | Inhalation |
| How do you get sick from Clostridium tetani? | Contamination of deep puncture wounds |
| What does contamination from Clostridium tetani cause? | Tetanus |
| What is a pathogen? | Bacteria or other agent that forms a parasitic association with other organisms |
| What is a major cause of human and animal death and disease? | Pathogens |
| Why are pathogens important in agriculture? | Johne's disease, mastitis, salmonella, anthrax |
| What pathogens cause disease? | Rickettsia and Chlamydia |
| Pathogens are highly opportunistic in ______ | Primarily in immune suppressed hosts |
| What treatment is used for pathogens? | Antibiotics: bacteriocidal, bacteriostatic |
| How do you prevent pathogens? | Setilizing skin prior to needle puncture, proper care of indwelling catheters, sterilization of surgical and dental instruments |
| Name examples of disinfectants that kill bacteria/pathogens on surfaces | Bleach, roccal, chlorhexidine |
| Bacteria grow to a ____ ____ | Fixed size |
| How does bacteria reproduce? | Asexual reproduction; binary fission |
| Bacteria can double every _____ under rapid optimal conditions | 9.8 minutes |
| How many identical clone daughter cells form? | 2 identical clone daughter cells |
| Bacteria is cultured with ___ or ____ | Solid or liquid media |
| A solid culture consists of what? | Agar plate, used to isolate pure cultures of a bacterial strain |
| A liquid culture consists of what? | Measurement of growth (large volumes are needed) |
| A selective media consists of what? | Specific nutrients added or deficient or anitbiotics added, used to ID specific organisms |
Created by:
ctriner
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