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CT Pathology
Registry Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Technique that is used to dilate an area of arterial blockage using a catheter with a small, inflatable, sausage-shaped balloon at its tip | Angioplasty |
| Composed of tangles of arteries and arterialized veins. Blood is shunted directly from arterial system to venous system. Shunting allows oxygenated blood to enter veins. Flow is high and pressure is elevated within veins which can cause hemorrhagic stroke | Arteriovenous malformations |
| Buildup of fat and cholesterol plaque | Atherosclerosis |
| Disorder of heart rate and rhythm in which the atria are stimulated to contract in a very rapid or disorganized manner rather than in organized one | Atrial fibrillation |
| Part of brain. Level of basal ganglia contains territories supplied by anterior (ACA), middle (MCA), and posterior (PCA). Therefore, this is the level most frequently scanned for brain perfusion studies. | Basal ganglia |
| A semipermeable structure that protects the brain from most substances in the blood, while still allowing essential metabolic function | Blood-brain barrier (BBB) |
| Term used to describe stroke; no longer favored because it implies a random, unpredictable, or uncertain nature to the condition | Cerebrovascular accident |
| Preferred medical term used to describe an acute episode of interrupted blood flow to the brain that last longer than 24 hours. AKA ________ | Completed stroke |
| Surgery for when there is a disease of the left main coronary artery or in 3+ vessels, or if nonsurgical management has failed. | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) |
| A condition that results when plaque builds up in coronary arteries. A partial or total blockage results, and heart muscle does not get an adequate blood supply. AKA _______ | Coronary artery disease. AKA ischemic heart disease |
| The movement of blood through tissues of the heart. Blood is carried to the heart by the two coronary arteries and their branches. Cardiac veins remove deoxygenated blood and waste products | Coronary circulation |
| Stents are made of self-expanding, stainless-steel mesh. They are mounted on a balloon catheter in a collapsed form. When the balloon is inflated, the stent expands and pushes against the inner wall of the coronary artery | Coronary stenting |
| Type of ischemic stroke resulting from a traveling particle that forms elsewhere and is too large to pass through small vessels and eventually lodges in a smaller artery | Embolic stroke |
| The formation, development, or existence of a clot within the vascular system that detaches from its original site | Embolism |
| Accumulation of fat in liver cells. Causes: alcoholism, obesity, diabetes, chemotherapy, corticosteroid therapy, hyperalimentation, and malnutrition. AKA _____ | Fatty infiltration of the liver; steatosis |
| Imaginary line used for positioning that connects external acoustic meatus to the supraorbital margin. AKA ______ | Glabellomeatal line ; supraorbital meatal line |
| One of the main causes of hyperthyroidism | Graves' disease |
| Obstruction resulting in dilatation, distention, and enlargement of the collection system in the kidney caused by ureteral stones | Hydronephrosis |
| Condition in which thyroid hormone reaches a high level. CM can intensify thyroid toxicosis, and in rare cases it can precipitate a thyroid storm, which is a severe, life-threatening condition | Hyperthyroidism |
| Although rare, pressure that is too low can reduce oxygen supply to the brain enough to cause a stroke | Hypotensive stroke |
| Unsuspected adrenal masses that are found when CT studies are ordered as a result of unrelated symptoms | Incidentalomas |
| Areas of tissue death that occur because of a local lack of oxygen | Infarction |
| The amount of fat molecules a mass contains | Intracellular lipid content |
| Bleeding in the brain caused by the rupture of a blood vessel | Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) |
| Category of stroke caused by a blockage in an artery | Ischemic stroke |
| Gravel-like deposits that appear in the kidney. AKA _____ & _____ | Kidney stones ; renal calculi ; renal stones |
| An oral medication given to non-insulin dependent diabetics to lower blood sugar; also available in combination with other drugs | Metformin therapy |
| Gravel-like deposits that may appear in any part of the urinary system, from kidney to bladder; used interchangably with renal stones, renal calculi, kidney stones, and urolithiasis | Nephrolithiasis |
| Any condition or disease affecting the kidney; sometimes synonymously used with renal impairment | Nephropathy |
| A time-limited event in which the neurologic deficits occur in a progressive pattern. AKA _____ | Progressive stroke ; stroke in evolution |
| The circulation pattern of blood flow that carries oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart to the lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart | Pulmonary circulation |
| Acute, usually severe pain that accompanies the passage of renal calculi from kidney through urinary tract | Renal colic |
| The inability of kidney to filter waste from the blood that can result in the accumulation of nitrogenous wastes (or ______) | Renal failure ; azotemia |
| Renal function is abnormal but capable of sustaining essential bodily function | Renal insufficiency |
| The process of determining the extent and distribution of disease | Staging |
| Stroke that occurs when there is bleeding into the subarachnoid spaces and the CSF spaces; usually caused by the rupture of an aneurysm | Subarachnoid hemorrhagic stroke |
| Te circular pattern of blood flow from left ventricle of the heart through the blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium | Systemic circulation |
| The use of drugs to break up or dissolve blood clots | Thrombolytic therapy |
| Type of ischemic stroke caused from a blood clot or a fatty deposit within one of the brain's arteries | Thrombotic stroke |
| Reversible episode of focal neurologic dysfunction that typically lasts anywhere from a a few minutes to few hours. Attacks are usually caused by tiny embolism that lodge in an artery and then quickly break up and dissolve, with no residual damage | Transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
| Gravel-like deposits that appear in the ureter | Ureterolithiasis |
| Technique that requires the patient to blow the cheeks out to distended the pyriform sinuses | Valsalva maneuver |
| Small, tube-like structure projecting from the cecum; literally means _____ | Vermiform appendix ; wormlike |
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sspatel
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