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Anthro Exam Two
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Heterozygous | 2 DISSIMLAR alleles of a gene |
| Homozygous | 2 SIMILAR alleles of a gene |
| Stabilizing Selection | the frequencies of 2 or more alleles of a gene remain constant from generation to generation |
| Directional Selection | Long term selection of the same trait. After several generations of selection, gene frequencies will change. |
| Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms | Geographic barriers, habitat isolation, seasonal/temporal, behavioral, morphological, Hybrid inviability/infertility |
| Biological Species | Gene flow maintains similarities within species; members of a species evolve as a unit. |
| Ecological Species | Emphasizes the role of selection; interbreed but maintain species boundaries; or don't interbreed but maintain species coherence |
| Allopatric Speciation | Geographic separation & directional selection; A gene barrier is present; Different selective pressures (competition, environment, predation) |
| Punctuated Equilibrium | Species remain unchanged and then undergo rapid, major change due to major environmental changes. |
| 4 Forces of Evolution | Natural Selection, Mutation, Gene flow, Genetic Drift |
| Natural Selection | only mechanism that produces adaptations |
| Genetic Drift | random changes in allele frequencies |
| Gene Flow | Transferring genes between populations |
| Adaptive Radiation | A species diversifies to fill available niches; |
| Taphonomy | The study of processes that affect the remains of dead animals |
| Homologies | The similarities used to assign organims to the same taxon |
| Homology | Ex: Mammals share certain mammary glands that set them apart from other taxa such as birds, reptiles, amphibians, and insects. |
| Analogies | The similarities in how species experience certain selective forces and how they adapt to them. |
| Analogy | Ex: Like fish, porpoises (who are mammals) have fins and are hairless and streamlined for efficient locomotion. |
| 4 Categories of Human Adaptive Responses | Genetic change, developmental adjustment, acclimatization, cultural practices |
| Phenotypic Adaptation | Type of developmental adjustment. Adaptive biological changes that occur during the individuals lifetime, made possible by biological plasticity. |
| Biological Plasticity | Our ability to change in response to the environments we encounter as we grow |
| Bergman's Rule | Populations with less massive individuals are more often found near the equator; those with greater bulk are more often found further from the equator. |
| Allen's Rule | Populations found living near the equator tend to have longer limbs than those that live farther from the equator. |
| Evolutionary Hypotheses for Skin Color | Cancer, Vitamin D, Folate |
| Biological Responses to human adaptation & variation | Developmental adjustment, acclimatization, and cultural practices |
Created by:
sandyleeb
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