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Ch 15: Endocrine
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| __________________ system produces hormones. | Endocrine |
| _________________ system produces neurotransmitters. | Nervous |
| ________________ system reacts more slowly to changes but can sustain response longer. | Endocrine |
| ______________ system reacts more quickly to changes but cannot sustain prolonged responses. | Nervous |
| How do endocrine glands secrete hormones? | Directly into the bloodstream. |
| True or false. Endocrine glands have ducts. | False |
| What type of glands have ducts for secretion? | Exocrine |
| What are the chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands? | Hormones |
| What are the 2 methods of hormone secretion control? | -Negative & Positive Feedback |
| What type of hormone secretion control is responsible for maintaining equilibrium within the body? | Negative feedback system |
| What type of hormone secretion control is fight or flight considered to be? | Positive Feedback |
| What type of hormone secretion control is responsible for a majority of the body's hormones? | Negative Feedback System |
| What structure is considered to be the puppetmaster of the pituitary gland? | Hypothalamus |
| True or false. Target refers to the specific receptors in or on the cells. | True |
| What part of the pituitary glands stores hormones? | Posterior |
| What part of the pituitary gland produces hormones? | Anterior |
| The hormones stores in the posterior pituitary gland are produced where? | Hypothalamus |
| What links the hypothalamus with the anterior portion of the pituitary gland? | Portal system of blood vessels |
| What structure orders the pituitary gland to either promote or inhibit the production of hormones? | Hypothalamus |
| What condition is a result of having not enough growth hormone in the body? | Dwarfism |
| What condition is a result of having too much growth hormone in the body? | Giantism |
| What hormone is also known as somatotropic hormone? | Growth hormone |
| What hormone helps regulate metabolism of proteins, carbs and fats in the body's cells? | Growth hormone |
| What type of effect can GH cause? | Hyperglycemic effect |
| The suffix -opic refers to a ________________. | Hormone |
| How many hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland? | 7 |
| What are the 7 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary gland? | FSH, TSH, GH, ACTH, Prolactin, MSH, and LH |
| What gland is also known as the neurohypophysis? | posterior pituitary gland |
| What gland is also known as the adrenohypophysis? | anterior pituitary gland |
| What part of the pituitary gland does not produce any hormones but stores and releases? | Posterior pituitary gland |
| What 2 hormones are stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland? | ADH and Oxytocin |
| What part of the skull houses the pituitary gland? | Pituitary fossa |
| What gland is also called the hypophysis? | Pituitary gland |
| What gland is also called the master endocrine gland? | Pituitary gland |
| Where is ADH produced? | Hypothalamus |
| Where is oxytocin produced? | Hypothalamus |
| What condition is due to having too much GH after the epiphyseal plates close? | Acromegaly |
| What condition causes thickened tongue, facial features and bones of the hands and feet? | Acromegaly |
| What is the current average age of puberty in females? | 7 |
| What hormone triggers and maintains lactation and has no known effect in men? | Prolactin |
| What synthetic hormone may be used to increase milk production of dairy cows? | Bovine Somatotrophin (BST) |
| What hormone is also called the thyrotropic hormone? | TSH Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
| What is the primary task for the TSH? | To tell the Thyroid gland what hormones to produce. |
| What type of test might be done to check for cushings or addisons? | ACTH Stimulation Test |
| _________ stimulates production of cortisol. | ACTH |
| Define ACTH? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| How many different ways can ACTH be released? | 2 |
| What hormones helps to produce estrogen? | FSH |
| What hormone stimulates growth and development of follicle in ovaries to create ovum? | FSH |
| Define superovulation. | Collecting several eggs at once that are used for artificial insemination. |
| What is the name of the hormone in men that is the equivalent to LH? | ICSH |
| A surge in __________ causes ovulation to occur. | LH |
| Collectively what are LH and FSH called? | Gonadotrophins |
| Pigment cells are also known as ____________. | Melanocytes |
| What hormone causes pigment change in reptiles, amphibians and fishes? | MSH |
| Lack of ADH can cause what disease? | Diabetes Insipidus |
| Name the narrow band that connect the 2 lobes of the thyroid gland. | Isthmus |
| What is the only endorcrine gland that can store large amounts of hormone precursor for later use? | Thyroid |
| What 2 hormones are produced in the thyroid gland? | 1-Thyroid hormone 2-Calcitonin |
| Thyroid hormone can be broken down to what 2 additional hormones? | T3 and T4 |
| T3 is also known as ______________________. | Triiodothyronine |
| T4 is also known as _________________________ or _______________. | Tetriodothyronine; thyroxine |
| True or false. T3 is more potent than T4. | True |
| What term refers to the temperature regulation of the thyroid gland? | Calorigenic Effect |
| What thyroid condition closely resembles Cushing in symptons? | Hypothyroidism |
| True or false. Hypothyroidism is most common in cats. | False (Dogs) |
| True or false. Hyperthyroidism is most common in cats. | True |
| How is hypothyroid treated? | Thyroid hormone injections |
| How is hyperthyroid treated? | Drugs/Surgery/Radioactive treatment that destroys part of the thyroid gland |
| What condition describes the non-cancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland? | Goiter |
| Lack of ___________ production can cause Goiter. | Iodine |
| What hormone is involved with maintaining homeostasis of the blood calcium levels? | Calcitonin |
| What hormone will prevent hypercalcemia by decreasing blood calcium levels? | Calcitonin |
| What hormone encourages excess calcium to be deposited into the bones from the blood? | Calcitonin |
| What hormone encourages excess calcium to be deposited into the blood from the bones? | PTH |
| PTH is responsible for ____________ reabsorption. | Magnesium |
| What is also known as the parathyroid dysfunction? | Hypocalcemia |
| When the parathormone is overwhelmed in lactating animals what condition might it cause? | Milk fever |
| You might see a downer cow if it is suffering from what parathyroid dysfunction? | Hypocalcemia |
| Hypocalcemia is termed what in dogs and cats? | Eclampsia |
| What are the 2 portions of the adrenal gland? | Adrenal cortex and medulla |
| How are hormones in the adrenal cortex released? | Negative Feedback System |
| How are hormones in the adrenal medulla released? | Direct Stimulation of the Nervous System |
| What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? | Glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones. |
| What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla? | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| What 3 hormones are considered to be glucocorticoids? | -Cortisone -Cortisol -Corticosterone |
| What is the body's natural steroid? | Cortisol |
| What type of hormones cause catabolism of lipids and proteins? | Glucocorticoids |
| What condition results from too much cortisol in the body? | Cushings |
| What is the average lifespan after a cushing diagnoses? | 14-17 months |
| Can Cushings be cured? | No, only treated for symptons |
| What is hyperadrenocorticism? | Cushings |
| What is hypoadrenacorticism? | Addisons |
| What condition results from too little cortisol in the body? | Addisons |
| The suffix -one refers to what? | Steroids |
| How is Addisons treated? | With steroid injections |
| What are the 4 glucocorticoid related drugs discussed in class? | 1-Hydrocortisone 2-Prednisone 3-Dexamethasone 4-Triamcinolone |
| What is the principle mineralcorticoid hormone? | Aldosterone |
| What organ does aldosterone target? | Kidneys |
| What are the 2 sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex? | Estrogen and testosterone |
| What organ located near the small intestines has both endocrine and exocrine glands? | Pancreas |
| Where are hormones produced in the pancreas? | Islets of Langerhans |
| What 3 hormones are produced in the pancreas? | Insulin, Glucagon and somatostatin. |
| What is produced by the alpha cells? | Glucagon |
| What is produced by the beta cells? | Insulin |
| What is produced by the delta cells? | Somatostatin |
| What hormone lowers the level of glucose in the blood? | Insulin |
| What hormone increases the level of glucose in the blood? | Glucagon |
| What hormone stimulates gluconeogenesis? | Glucagon |
| What hormone inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon as well as GH? | Somatostatin |
| _________________ is caused by a deficiency of insulin and a build up of glucose within the body. | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Is Diabetes mellitus curable? | No, but treatable |
| What hormone does the testes produce? | Testosterone |
| What hormone stimulates the testes to produce testosterone? | LH |
| What hormones are produced in the ovaries? | Estrogens and Progestins |
| What are the 2 estrogens? | Estradiol and estrone |
| What produces progesterone? | Corpus Luteum |
| What hormone do the kidneys produce? | Erythropoietin |
| ________________ stimulates red bone marrow to increase production of red blood cells. | Erythropoietin |
| What hormone is produced in the stomach? | Gastrin |
| What 2 hormones are produced in the small intestines? | Secretin and Cholecystokinin |
| What hormone stimulates the pancreas to help with intestinal motility? | Secretin |
| What hormone stimulates the release of digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the duodenum? | Cholecystokinin (CK) |
| The _____________ produces only small amounts of estrogen and progesterone. | Placenta |
| Besides estrogen and progesterone, what other hormone is produced by the placenta? | chorionic gonadotropin (CG) |
| What gland will shrink as the individual gets older? | Thymus |
| What hormones are produced by the thymus? | Thymosin and Thymopoietin |
| What gland influences the body's biological clock? | Pineal body |
| What hormone is produced byt the pineal body? | Melatonin |
| What hormone affects mood and wake-sleep cycles? | Melatonin |
| What are prostaglandins derived from? | Unsaturated fatty acids |
| What hormones are also known as tissue hormones? | Prostaglandins |
| What hormones are organized by lettering A-I? | Prostaglandins |
| What is the average cat/dog blood glucose? | 80-180 |
| The Plantar Stance in a cat can be a trademark sign of what condition? | Diabetes |
| What type of medication would you use to treat type 1 diabetes? | Lantis or Humalin (R, U, NPH) |
| What type of medication stimulates erythropoietin production so the patient can continue with chemotherapy treatments as scheduled? | Procrit |
| Where is Gastrin produced in the stomach? | G-Cells |
| Where is calcitonin produced in the thyroid gland? | C-Cells |
| What are the 2 primary functions of the gastrin hormone? | 1-Causes contractions of the pyloric antrum which aids in pushing food out to the intestines 2- Stimulates production of HCl acid in the stomach |
| What cells does chemotherapy target? | Rapidly dividing cells |
| Secretin inhibits the production of ______________. | Gastrin |
| What hormone is used in fat digestion? | CCK - Cholecystokinin |
| What is another name for the T-Lymphocytes? | T-Cells |
| What is the function of T-Cells? | Attack foreign invaders |
| Which hormone is associated with inflammation? | Prostaglandins |
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fadedfaithless
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