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Lecture 8 9/21/11
Energy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Definition of Energy | -the potential to perform work -energy is not a nutrient |
| Units | -calorie=the heat required to raise the temp of 1g of water from 16.5 to 17.5*C -measured in Kcal(Cal), Mcal |
| Factors Regulating Energy Balance/Use | -feed quantity/quality -feed intake regulation -animal genetics/physiological state -environment |
| Factors of Feed Quality/Quantity | -how much is offered -nutrient content and balance -digestibility |
| Factors of Feed Intake Regulation | -dependent on dietary and non-dietary factors -fill, energy density -behavior, environment |
| Factors of Animal Genetics/Physiological State | -potential to utilize energy |
| Factors of Environment | -temperature, wind, humidity, etc. -housing |
| Expressions for Energy Values for Feeds | -Physiological Fuel Value System -TDN: Total Digestible Nutrients -DE: Digestible Energy -ME: Metabolizable Energy -NE: Net Energy -GE: Gross Energy -FE: Fecal Energy |
| Phys Fuels Values | -used in human and lab animal guidelines -estimates can vary greatly depending on source of nutrient -carbohydrate 4kcal/g -fat 9kcal/g -protein 4kcal/g |
| Total Digestible Nutrient | -TDN -measure of relative energy value of a feed(in tables as a %) -sum of digestible CP, CF, NFE plus (digestible EE x 2.25) -does not include energy loss from urine, fermentation, gases, heat losses |
| Gross Energy | -GE -total heat of combustion(kcal) |
| Fecal Energy | -FE -undigested food, microbial cells, and endogenous losses |
| Digestible Energy | -DE -DE=GE-FE -the portion of the GE in a feed that is not excreted in feces(reflects diet digestibility) |
| Metabolizable Energy | -ME -ME=DE-(urinary energy and combustible gas losses) -measure the dietary energy available for metabolism |
| Urinary Losses in ME | -N compounds(urea, creatinine, allantoin, etc.) -non-N compounds |
| Gaseous Losses in ME | -methane(CH4) -ruminants gasseous losses>urinary losses -roughages>concentrates(gaseous losses) |
| Net Energy | -NE -NE=ME-HI(heat increment: ingestion & digestion) -portion available for sustenance of life and productive purposes -maintenance(NEm): basal metabolism, voluntary activity, heat to warm/cool body -production(NEp): work, product synthesis |
| Maintence Energy Requirement | -amount of feed energy intake that will result in no net loss or gain of energy from the tissues of the animal body |
| Difference in NEm and NEg | -different efficiencies between maintenance and growth |
Created by:
ickbutt
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