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Anthro-Midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| society | a group of people |
| culture | a way of life of a people |
| fieldwork | the hallmark of research in cultural anthropology, it usually involves long-term residence with the people being studied |
| participant observation | the primary research method of cultural anthropology, involving long-term observations conducted in natural settings |
| patrilineal | descent traced exclusively through the male line for purposes of group membership or inheritance |
| reciprocity | a system of mutual interaction involving the regular exchange of goods and services |
| sorcery | the use of supernatural knowledge or power for purposes of evil, for example, causing sickness |
| native | refers to a people of a place, the "Native's View", and "native collaborations" |
| reflexivity | thinking about thinking; the anthropologist realizes that who they are shapes their ethnography |
| native anthropology | a study of one's own culture |
| thick description | from Geertz, a way of writing ethnography to get all the layers of meaning of an action in a context |
| theorization | the main difference between ethnography and ethnology |
| cultural continuity | the survival of Indus River valley forms in paintings, jewelry, etc |
| indigenous people | the original or native population of a particular region or environment |
| ethnocide/genocide | the attempt to exterminate an entire ethnic group |
| fair trade | an economic partnership which serves marginalized and/or impoverished producers by providing market incentives |
| maternalism | having or demonstrating characteristics associated with mothers and mothering |
| domestic labor | work performed in the home, such as cooking, cleaning, and taking care of children |
| commodity | products such as food or fuel which can be traded for money or for other products |
| commodification | the transformation of a good or service into something that can be bought and sold with money |
| capitalism | an economic system characteristic of modern state societies where land, labor, and capital all become commodities exchanged on the market and in which socioeconomic inequality is a constant feature |
| consumer society | a characteristic of modern capitalist societies in which the purchase of non-essential material goods and services is an important marker of social status and identity |
| globalization | a contemporary cultural, political, and economic process involving world capitalism by which production and consumption are expanded to be worldwide in scope or application |
| medical anthropology | the study of health and medical systems in a cross-cultural perspective; includes the study of biocultural adaptations to disease, ethnomedical systems, and cultural factors in health-seeking behavior |
| biomedicine | modern medicine as practiced in the United States and Europe; emphasizes the biological causation and remedy for illness |
| norms | standards of behavior characteristic of a society or social group to which members are expected to conform |
| obesity | a medically defined condition of excessive fat storage |
| anthropometry | science of the measurement of the human body, including measurements of bones, muscle, fat, and other body tissues |
| epidemiological transition | the historical change in the primary cause of mortality in a population from infectious disease to chronic disease |
| etiology | the theory of causation of a disease or illness |
| pathogen | an agent that causes disease |
| diseases of civilization | chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and obesity, that characterize the epidemiological profile of modern capitalist societies and are the result of infrequent exercise and high fat diets |
| explanatory model | a patient's cognitive scheme for understanding his or her illness |
| somatization | the physical expression of psycho-social problems |
| Nacirema | strange body rituals |
| cross-cultural | a standard form of anthropological analysis using the comparision of traditions and practices from different societies |
| clan | a kinship group whose members assume, but need not demonstrate, descent from a common ancestor |
| Tiv | West African; Shakespeare in the Bush |
| Keith Basso | "To Give Up On Words" |
| Western Apache | "To Give Up On Words" Silence |
| !Kung Bushmen | Eating Christmas in the Kalahari |
| Chinese | Table Manners |
| ethnology | the study and explanation of cultural similarities and differences (sleep) |
| kinship | a network or culturally recognized relationships among individuals, either through affinial or consanguineal ties (apache) |
| socialization | the development, through the influence of parents and others, of patterns of thought and behavior in children to conform to beliefs and values of a particular culture (apache) |
| status | position in a social system that is characterized by certain rights, obligations, expected behaviors (roles), and certain social symbols (apache) |
| Costa Rica | The Search for Sustainable Markets |
| indigenistas | individuals and organizations that work on behalf of indigenous people (two rights) |
| yerba mate | a tea made from the small branches and leaves of this species of tree is consumed hot or cold; Paraguay's main export for 400 years (two rights) |
| latifundistas | large landowners who use low-cost native labor to make enormous profits (two rights) |
| Mbaracayu, Paraguay | Two Rights Make a Wrong |
| Guarani | hunted and gathered commodities, such as yerba mate; ecological half-breeds |
| Ache | nomadic foragers; ecologically noble savages |
| cultural ideals | a valued characteristic or belief of a society (obesity) |
| ideal body images | culturally defined standards for attractive body shapes (obesity) |
| population pressure | the situation of population growth in a limited geographical area causing a decline in food production and resources and sometimes triggering technological change (progress) |
| relative deprivation | a concept wherein individuals perceive that they are less well off only in relation to another group or to their own expectations (progress) |
| self-sufficient | refers to a characteristic of most pre-state societies; the ability to maintain a viable economy and social system with minimal outside contact (progress) |
| urbanization | the worldwide process of the growth of cities at the expense of rural populations (progress) |
| hot-cold humoral system | traditional ethnomedical system of the Indoeuropean world (teaching) |
| Trobriand Islanders | Studied by Malinowski |
| Zuni | New Mexico/Frank Hamilton Cushing |
| Kwakiutl | Franz Boas |
Created by:
Jean-O
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