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Lecture 4 9/7/11 E1
Protein
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 Main Elements | -carbon -hydrogen -oxygen -nitrogen(16%) (-sulfur) |
| Protein Composition | -amino acid chains (polymers-peptide bonds) :amine(NH2) group :carboxylic acid (COOH) group :R-group (side-group) |
| Crude Protein | true protein and non-protein nitrogen (nitrogen x 6.25) |
| True Protein | polymer of amino acids |
| Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN) | can be converted to protein by microbes |
| Amino Acids | -building block of proteins -required in development of protein |
| Amino Acid Types | -Essential(indispensible): must be provided in diet -Non-Essential(dispensible): body can produce enough |
| Protein Deposition | -protein synthesis -protein degradation -protein turnover (accretion) |
| Protein Synthesis | -controlled by AA availability, energy intake, animal genetics, production state, etc. |
| Influences on AA Requirements for Protein Synthesis | -capacity to synthesize protein -animal genetics (growth rate, body composition, etc.), production state, energy intake |
| Function of Amino Acids/Dietary Protein | -precursor for body protein synthesis -energy source -precursors for other molecules (Gluconeogenesis, Ureagenesis, Nucleotides, Hormones, etc.) -Signaling (regulate gene expression, protein synthesis, etc.) |
| Essential Amino Acids | -Arginine -Histidine -Isoleucine -Leucine -Lysine -Methionine -Phenylalanine -Threonine -Tryptophan -Valine |
| Non-Essential Amino Acids | -Alanin -Asparagine -Aspartic Acid -Cysteine -Cystine -Glutamic Acid -Glutamine -Glycine -Hydroxyproline -Proline -Serine -Tyrosine |
| Limiting Amino Acid | -essential amino acid limiting growth -present in the least amount in relation to the animals's need (-the first amino acid to limit protein synthesis relative to the level of the AA in the diet) |
| Non-Limiting Amino Acids | -present only to the extent of the limiting essential amino acid |
| Limiting Amino Acid Example Need Corn % of need Lysine 0.70% 0.25% 36% Leucine 0.60% 1.21% 202% | -limiting amino acid: Lysine 36% (0.60[Leucine] x 36%[Lysine %])/1.21[full %) (0.60 x 0.36)/1.21 0.1785 only 17.9% of corn Leucine will be used for protein synthesis(more than 2x Leucine need is present) |
| Function of Excess Amino Acids | -Amino group is removed from AA by transaminase reaction -Ammonia(toxic to animal) -carbon skeletons(used as energy source[produce ATP] or as precursor for other molecules) |
| Function of Rumen Microbes | -synthesize protein for their own cellular development (makes their amino acids from N sources: true protein or NPN) -digested in animal/provide essential and non-essential amino acids(very good quality protein) |
| Meanings: AA, DIP, UIP, NPN, MCP, NH3 | Amino Acids, Ruminally Degradable Intake Protein, Ruminally Undegradable Intake Protein, Non-Protein Nitrogen, Microbial Crude Protein, Ammonia |
| Crude Protein Digestion | CP=N x 6.25 |
| DIP Digestion | DIP=portion of CP degraded in the ruman and avaible for microbial crude protein synthesis |
| UIP Digestion | UIP=portion of CP not degraded in the ruman and thus available for post-ruminal digestion |
| MCP Digestion | MCP=CP produced by the microbes in the rumen |
| Uses of Non-Protein Nitrogen | -used by microbes in rumen :incorporated in amino acids, then protein :protein(amino acid) is used by the host -Urea :45% nitrogen :281% CP equivalent -N not found in proteins(nucleic acids, urea and salts of ammonia) |
| Protein Sources | -corn :~9% crude protein :poor quality -soybean meal :~45% crude protein :good quality(more balance in AA) |
| Protein Summary | -organic nutrient -contains about 16% N -made up of amino acids -AA balance determines quality of protein -microbes can use non-protein nitrogen(and true protein to provide good quality protein to host) -excess protein is used for energy |
Created by:
ickbutt
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