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Non-Energy Nutrients
Non-Energy Producing Nutrients
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many minerals are essential to mammals? | 18 |
| Name the two mineral groups. | Macrominerals and microminerals |
| What is another name for microminerals? | Trace elements |
| Define inorganic | Not composed of or involving living organisms or their remains. |
| Define organic | Products grown with fertilizers that consist only of plant or natural matter, with no chemical additives. |
| Which two minerals are usually discussed together because of their closely interrelated actions? | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| Name two structural proteins that are also primary constituents of bone. | Calcium and phosphorus |
| Name the primary functions of phosphorus (5) | -Bone and teeth formation -Muscle formation -energy producing nutrient metabolism -reproduction -energy production |
| Name the disease of young animals due to the failure of calcification of osteoid and cartilage of the bones causing bowing. | Rickets |
| An excess of phosphorus may cause stones. What is the condition called for stones in the bladder? | Urinary calculi |
| HYPERthyroidism is more common in cats or dogs? | Cats |
| HYPOthyroidism is more common in cats or dogs? | Dogs |
| What is the most common hormonal abnormality and is a common disease of aging cats? | Hyperthyroidism |
| What medical condition is a steady contraction of a muscle with distinct twitching or continuous spasms? | Tetany |
| What is the ratio of phosphorus to calcium in the body? | 1:1 |
| High levels of what two minerals can cause Wobbler Syndrome? | Calcium and Phosphorus |
| Name the main functions of potassium (4) | -Muscle contraction -Nerve impulses -Osmotic Balance -Energy transfer |
| One with hypokalemia might have a low amount of what in their blood? | Potassium |
| Name the possible signs of excess sodium chloride (6) | -Thirst -Pruritus -Constipation -Seizures -Hypertension -Death |
| Name the functions of magnesium (4) | -Component of bone and intercellular fluid -neuromuscular transmission -active component of enzymes -carbs and lipid metabolism |
| What 2 minerals when in excess cause urinary calculi? | magnesium and phosphorus |
| Zinc is the activator of how many known enzymes? | 200 |
| What are the funtions of Zinc (3)? | -Skin and tissue healing -Immunity response -Carb and protein metabolism |
| What condition is also known as pinkeye? | Conjunctivitis |
| Is Zinc toxic or non-toxic? | Non-toxic |
| Which mineral aids in lipid and carb metabolism as well as cell membrane integrity? | Manganese |
| Is manganese toxic or non-toxic? | Non-toxic |
| Which vitamin does selenium interact with to prevent cellular damage? | Vitamin E |
| Name the signs of selenium deficiency (4) | -Muscular dystrophy -Reproductive failure -Edema -Renal mineralization |
| Define edema. | Swelling due to an accumulation of fluid in the tissues. |
| What are the signs of selenium overdose (7) | -Vomiting -Staggered gait -Hypersalivation -Decreased appetite -Dyspnea -Garlicky breath -Nail loss |
| What mineral is known to accumulate in the thyroid? | Iodine |
| What is goiter? | Swelling of the thyroid |
| Fetal reabsorption and apathy are common signs of what type of mineral deficiency? | Iodine |
| Which gland is at the most risk from radiation? | Thyroid |
| How are macromineral measured? | Percentage |
| How are microminerals measured? | parts per million (ppm) |
| What mineral is a primary component of hemoglobin and aids in O2 transport? | Iron |
| What is the most common sign of an iron deficiency? | Anemia |
| Hepatitis is a condition caused by what type of mineral excess? | Copper |
| Define antagonist. | One is acting against the other. |
| Define synergist. | Two are working together. |
| what is the largest and heaviest component of the body? | Water |
| What are the functions of water (7)? | -Effect blood pressure -Temperature regulation -Transport -Lubricates -Balances electrolytes -Absorption/metabolism -Filtration |
| What percentage of weight does water make up in a newborn puppy? | 84% |
| What percentage of weight does water make up in an adult dog? | 50-60% |
| What the formula for daily required water in cats and dogs | 30mL/lb/day |
| Name the 4 primary ways the body disposes of water. | -Urine -Feces -Insensible losses -Sweating |
| What is the ratio of water to dried food for cats and dogs? | 2.5:1 (Every 24hours) |
| What occurs at 4-5% dehydration level? | Skin turgidity is lost |
| What occurs at 7% dehydration level? | Eyes are sunken and skin turgity is lost. |
| What occurs at 10% dehydration level? | Eyes are sunken, skin turgity is lost and the patient is in lateral recumbency. |
| Define PCV. | Packed Cell Volume. |
| What are the 4 fat soluble vitamins? | A,D,E and K |
| What are the 2 categories of vitamins? | Fat soluble and water soluble |
| What category of vitamins are stored the best within the body? | Fat soluble |
| What category of vitamins are the easiest to overdose on? | Fat soluble |
| Vitamin A is found in what type of foods? | -Fish liver oils -Milk -Liver -Egg yolk |
| Vitamin D is found in what type of foods? | -Liver -Fish -Egg yolk -Sunlight |
| Vitamin E is found in what type of foods? | -Wheat germ -Corn -Soybean oil |
| Vitamin K is found in what type of foods? | -Leafy greens -Liver -Fish meal |
| What category of vitamins can not be stored within the body? | Water soluble vitamins |
| What category of vitamins is rare to overdose on? | Water soluble vitamins |
| Name the B-Complex vitamins (9) | -Thiamin -Riboflavin -Niacin -Pyridoxine -Pantothenic acid -Biotin -Folic acid -Cobalamin -Choline |
| What B-Complex vitamin is dangerous in excess for cats? | Niacin |
| What type of vitamin is ascorbic acid? | Vitamin C |
| What type of foods can you find vitamin c? | -Citrus fruits -Dark greens |
| Which vitamin plays a critical role in blood clotting formation? | Vitamin K |
| Hemorrhaging/Bleeding to death is a result of what type of vitamin deficiency? | Vitamin K |
| What type of rat poison, when ingested by cats, causes fatal hemorrhage? | Warfarin |
| How do antioxidants function? | By stabilizing free radicals which would otherwise be destructive. |
| Which 2 vitamins are also considered antioxidants? | Vitamin C and E |
| Which 3 substances are considered vitamin lookalikes? | -Carnitine -Carotenoids -Bioflavonoids |
| What are the functions of vitamin look-alikes? | -Fatty acid metabolism -Support of electron transport -Antioxidant capability |
| True or false. Vitamin D is converted by sunlight. | True |
| Witamin D works to utlize phosphorus and what other mineral? | Calcium |
| What stabilizes free radicals? | Antioxidants |
| Pansteatitis is a condition in cats who have received what vitamin in excess? | Vitamin E |
| What is another name for Vitamin C? | Ascorbic Acid |
| An excess of vitamin A might cause what condition? | Cervical spondylosis |
| Is vitamin K toxic or nontoxic? | Nontoxic |
| Which vitamin helps with your eyesight, makes immunity god happy and bone reabsorbtion? | Vit A |
| What vitamin is taken for bloodclotting formation? | Vit K |
| What is pansteatitis? | A Vitamin E deficiency that causes painful inflammation of adipose tissue and is commonly known as yellow fat disease. |
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