Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Veggie Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Primary Functions of Plants | 1. Photosynthesis 2. Respiration 3. Transpiration |
| Photosynthesis | CO2 + H2O + Sunlight --> Sugar + Oxygen |
| Respiration | carbohydrates made in photosynthesis must be converted into energy. Usually happens at night. |
| Transpiration | how a plant breathes. Functions of transpiration: water movement into plant via roots, nutrients, cooling the plant through evaporation, maintaining turgor pressure |
| Growth Stages | vegetative and reproductive |
| vegetative growth | the plant is not reproducing |
| reproductive growth | stage where fruits/vegetables are produced |
| Soil is made up of | sand, silt, clay, and organic matter |
| organic matter | decomposed plants, microorganisms, and animals |
| cation exchange | this is like the bankvault. cation means a positively charged element |
| clay particles | have negative charges sticking out. A negative charge wants a positive charge like K+ Mg++ and Ca++. Silt and organic matter also do this but sand does not |
| Soil Test | measures the amount of nutrients. |
| How to do a soil test on a vegetable garden | take 20 samples (1 tablespoon), 6-8" deep, and mix in a bucket. Place in a box and take to the soil lab. 1 sample is good for 3 years |
| pH | the measurement of H+ ions |
| Low soil pH | High amount of H+ ions. bad because it blocks nutrient sites. Must lime to correct low pH. Can cause aluminum toxicity and will burn the roots of the plants |
| High soil pH | low amount of H+ ions. |
| Lime | calcium carbonate |
| Fertilizer | most have 3 numbers on it. 1st number indicates %N. 2nd number indicates %P. #rd number indicates %K |
| N-P-K | nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium. the 3 main elements needed by plants |
| compost | decayed plants, animals, newspaper, and table scraps. High in organic matter |
| Benefits of compost | increase soil nutrients. increase the water holding capacity. soil is more friable (more crumbly so there is room for roots, water, and oxygen). reduces soil compaction |
| Making compost | add brown matter (woody like branches, high in N), add green material (high in H2O, grass clippings), add water, add fertilizer. (13-13-13). Mix well and wait 4-6 weeks |
| What not to add to compost | human waster, and meat |
| Mechanisms that make organic matter | microorganisms: bacteria, fungi, and earthworms |
| why not to put green material in the soil | it has to have nitrogen to fuel the decomposition process. let it compost first then add it to the soil |
| Brassica | Mustard Family. commonly known as crucifers |
| cole crops | cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts, collards, kale, kohlrabi. All are hardy, cool season crops that are susceptible to the same insects and diseases. Very strong in a freeze |
| cruciferae | old family name, means cross bearers because flowers look like a cross. |
| turnips | are not cole crops but they are brassicas |
| Botany of brassicas | leaves are simple and alternate. have perfect flowers, meaning male and female flowers are on the same plant. Originated in europe |
| Glycosinate | mustard oils that produce a pungent odor that one associates with cole crops such as cabbage and broccoli |
| Soil Requirements for Cole crops | well drained (vegetables don't like wet feet). soil pH 5.8 to 6.5. Maintain soil Ca levels at 500lbs/acre |
| Land preparation for cole crops | clean seed bed (deep turning). you have to get ride of the debris and till up the soil |
| Plastic Mulch Advantages | 1.earliness 2. prevents weeds 3. preserves moisture (using drip irrigation) 4. better yields ( up to 2x) |
| Plastic Mulch Disadvantages | 1. cost 2. specialized equipment 3. removal of plastic 4. waste |
| Transplants | grown from a seed in a greenhouse, then the little plant is bought and planted in the soil. It saves money |
| Hybrid seed | very expensive (10-20x the price of open pollinated) because they are labor intensive to perform the crosses. In most cases hybrid seeds have hybrid vigor and higher yields |
| open pollinated plants | let nature run it's course genetically. pollinates itself. open pollinated seeds are "true to seed" meaning they are the same as the parent plant |
| How to grow your own transplants | In a greenhouse or sunroom. container grown plants are best (use Styrofoam or plastic cells). Use commercial potting mix. Grow 5-6 weeks before transplanting. |
| Harden off | shocking the transplants with extreme conditions to prepare them for the world |
| Fertility requirements for cole crops | P- apply all at planting. N and K- apply 1/2 at planting and then apply the other half 6 weeks later |
| Heavy feeders | cole crops are heavy feeders meaning they like a lot of nitrogen |
| Minor and Micro elements | Boron, Zinc (micro) Magnesium, and Sulfur (minor) |
| Cabbage and Cauliflower planting dates | July 25 - September 15 and January 1 - February 15 (can tolerate a hard frost) Plant only transplants |
| broccoli planting dates | August 1- 15 |
| Collards planting dates | July 1 - September 15 from transplant. But in the spring you can grow them from seed |
| turnips/mustard | are brassicas but not cole crops. Turnips are very easy to grow. Staple in the Southeast. eat the greens and the later on the roots |
| Turnip/mustard planting dates | August 10 - October 1. |
| Turnip/mustard pH | 5.8-6.5 |
| Turnip production | need a clean seed bed, and fertilization of 8-8-8. Read in 45-60 days. Give them 1 inch of water per week |
| Row planting of turnips | 3 foot rows, each seed 1-2 inches apart. Roll the seeds into the with with a 2 inch pvc pipe and roll it across the seeds to press into the soil |
| broadcast planting of turnips | just sling the seeds out onto the plot ad then roll them |
| Turnip Pests | Flea beetles, aphids |
| Turnip diseases | foliar fungal diseases- leaf spot |
| Turnip Harvet | 8-12 inches tall, break off the leaves and refrigerate or cook. You can keep picking the leaves every 2 weeks. Harvest leaves 2 to 3 times and then pull the turnips out of the ground |
| Irish potatoes: family | solanace |
| Irish potatoes | originated in the Andean mountains of Peru and Bolivia. Were used at least 8,000 years ago. It is a cool season crop with an optimal average temperature between 50 to 65 F |
| tuber | swollen underground stem. carbohydrate storage. |
| red skinned potatoes | best for boiling. often called "new potatoes" hold their shape when boiled |
| russet potatoes | dark brown netted skin. used for baking and frying |
| seed pieces | piece of a tuber. You plant seed pieces for potatoes not seeds. Each piece needs at least 2 eyes |
| planting potatoes | soil temp needs to be at least 45F. Plant in February or from August 1-15. 4-5" deep |
| thumb rule for planting potatoes | plant the seed piece 2 1/2x the diameter of the seed |
| potato planting spacing | 10'x30-36". it is helpful to make a bed (heap the dirt up and make a mound) this makes harvest easier. You must rotate potatoes, you cannot grow them on the same field 2 years in a row |
| best mulch for potatoes | pine straw |
| pH for potatoes | prefer an acid soil 4.8 --> 5.4 |
| Early Blight | foliar fungal disease that affects potatoes. cover spray a protectant fungicide to prevent early blight. You can prevent it but not cure it |
| Late Blight | infects the foliar plant parts of the potato. Most important disease of potatoes world-wide. Irish potato famine was caused by this. prevent with cover spray |
| Fusarium and Verticillium Wilt | soilborne fungi. Causes yellowing of the lower leaves that progresses up the plant. Rapid wilt and premature death. must rotate fields and use certified seed to prevent |
| Colorado Potato Beetle | adults and larvae feed on leaves of the potatoes. Control using BTT but only affects the larvae |
| Leaf hoppers | seldom produce serious damage. but sometimes give potato plants "hopper burn" |
| flea beetles | cause foliar damage in potatoes. usually found on the underside of leaves |
| wireworms | click beetle larvae. damage potatoes by feeding on tubers, they bore directly into tubers |
| storage of potatoes | in a cool dark place. A dirt floored storage room is ideal. |
| harvesting potatoes | cut the tops off of the leaves and then dig them up with a shovel or pitchfork |
| types of lead lettuce | iceberg (we do not grow this in the south), semi-head, romaine/cos, leaf lettuce, and butterhead |
| When to plant lettuce | cool temps (60-65F). November to December (direct seed). January to February (transplants). Put seeds in the refrigerator 2-3 days to acclimate. Light feeders, you don't need a lot of fertilizer |
| What pH to plant lettuce | 5.8-6.5 |
| leaf lettuce | ready to harvest in 50-60 days (direct seed) 30 days if transplanted |
| semi head | ready in 70-80 days. you can store in the refrigerator for 2-3 weeks |
| insect pests of lettuce | mainly aphids |
| black rot | most serious disease of crucifers in AL. cabbage, collard, mustard, turnip, kale. V-shaped yellow lesion.Young and mature plants, seedlings turn yellow and die. use certified seed |
| wirestem | infected plant may be bent or twisted without breaking- hence the name o Dip transplants in fungicide |
| alternaria leafspot | cover spray: copper, protective fungicide spray, can be sever if left untreated. (SMALL DARK SPOTS w/CONCENTRIC RINGS) |
| downy mildew | temp: cool and wet weather- ideal, (46F night temps- 75 day temps) control: copper o Cabbage and leafy greens: spring most severe |
| cole crop viruses | they are rare, but CAN occur, cause small stunted, curled, twisted leaves—no control to correct |
| Diamondback Moth Caterpillar | #1 pest of cabbage and leafy greens worldwide o DBM: can complete its entire life cycle on the plant o LARVAE: very active when disturbed cold hardy- larvae can live at temps below 50 (cease eating) o Control: spray on 7 days schedule with insecticides |
| Cabbage Rooper | #2 pest, cabbage and leafy greens they do the inch worm crawl Control: insecticides Can use: BT (organic control) o Ruptures stomachs humans can eat it cause low pH of stomach o ONLY ON CATERPILLARS |
| imported cabbage worm | o The adult is a common butterfly the larvae are green and have a velvety appearance |
| cabbage webworm | o Producing moderate to heavy webbing • Control: BT or pyrethroids • FRASS is bug poop |
Created by:
asculpepper
Popular Agriculture sets