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Terminology chap 11
Functions of endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| pituitary gland | gland known as the master gland that helps maintain the appropriate levels of hormone in the body |
| hypothalamus | repsonse stimuli, regulator of the endocrine system |
| oxyotcin | chemican substance secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that stimulates uterine contractions during parturition |
| prolactin | augments milk secretion |
| ACTH | blood analysis for cristol levels |
| calcitonin | thyroid hormone promotes absorption of calcium from blood into bones. |
| thyromegaly | enlargment of the thyroid gland |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a well-defined portion of an organ |
| gland | an aggregation of cells specialized to secrete/excrete materials not related to their function |
| hormone | excrete/inhibit motion/action |
| Addison's disease | hypoadrenocorticism, a disorder caused by deficient adrenal cortex production of glucocorticoid |
| insulinoma | tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas |
| melatonin | chemical substance that helps control circadian rhythm |
| gynecomastia | excessive mammary development in males |
| function of the thyroid gland | secretes triiodothyronin, thyroxine, and calcitonin |
| adenohypophysis | another name for the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland |
| insulin | decreases blood glucose, hormone that transports blood glucose to the cells |
| antidiuretic hormone | hormone that maintains water balance in the body by increasing water reabsorption in the kidney |
| epinephrine | increases heart rate, blood pressure, and blood glucose |
| assay | laboratory technique used to determine the amoun of a particular substance in a sample |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood glucose level |
| euthyroidism | condition of normal thyroid functin |
| thyrotoxicosis | life threatening condition of excess |
| thyromegaly | enlargement of the thyroid gland |
| adrenal cortex | secretes glucocorticoids |
| what does the pituitary gland act in response to | stimuli from the hypothalamus |
| crine | word part thta means to secrete/separate |
| adrenals | two small glands located on top of each kidney |
| thyroid | butterfly-shaped gland on either side of the larynx |
| thymus | gland located dorsal to the sternum |
| pancreas | contains specialized cells that secrete hormones that affect sugar and starch metabolism |
| pituitary | small gland at the base of the brain |
| parathyroid | secretes hormone that reduces bone calcium levels and regulates phosphorus |
| pineal | secretes melantonin |
| gonads | gamete-producing glands |
| thyoidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
| hyperthyroidism | condition of excessive thyroid hormone |
| diabetes mellitus | insufficient anitdiuretic hormone |
| adrenopathy | disease of the adrenal gland |
| acidosis | abnormal condition of low pH |
| glucagon | hormone that increases blood glucose |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low blood calcium levels |
| insulinoma | tumor of the islet of Langerhans cells of the pancreas |
| hypercrinism | condition of excessive thyroid hormone |
| combining form for thyriod | thyr/o thyroid/o |
| combining form for adrenal glands | adren/o adrenal/o |
| -trophic means | having an affinity for |
| combining form for yellow | lute/o |
| combining form for body | somat/o |
| equilibrium | state of balance |
| vertigo | sense of dizziness |
| pinna | separates the middle ear from the outer/external ear |
| cerumen | earwax |
| sclera white of the eye | fibrous tissue that maintains the shape of the eye |
| canthus | corner of the eye |
| iris | colored muscular layer of the eye that surrounds the pupil |
| nystagmus | involuntary, constant, rhythmis movement of the eyeball |
| ophthalmopathy | a group of eye disorders resulting from increased intraocular pressure |
| cataract | opacity of the lens |
| refraction | process of the lens bending the light ray to help focus the rays on the retina |
| cornea | fibrous layer if clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous with the white of the eye |
| optic disk | region of the eye where nerve endings of the retina gather to form the optic nerve |
| lens | eye structure is transparent and focus light on the retina |
| what does tonometry diagnose | glaucoma |
| otalgia | ear pain |
| vertigo | sense of dizziness |
| ablation | removal of a part |
| miosis | pupillary constriction |
| mydriasis | pupillary dilation |
| lacrimation | condition of normal tear production |
| acuity | shaprness/acuteness, used for vision |
| otoscope | instrument used to visually examine the ear |
| cochlea | name of the spiral-shaped passage that leads fro the oval window to the inner ear |
| palpebra | eyelid |
| orbit | bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball |
| cilia | eyelashes |
| cornea | transparent anterior portion of the sclera |
| conjunctiva | mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid |
| tarsus | platelike frame w/in the upper and lower eyelids |
| uvea | iris, ciliary body, choroid |
| ampulla | dilated area in the semicircular canals |
| otoliths | small stones in the saccule and utricle |
| tympanic bulla | osseous chamber at the base of the skull |
| incus | auditory ossicle known as the anvil |
| stapes | auditory ossicle known as the stirrup |
| malleus | auditory ossicle known as the hammer |
| eustachian tube | narrow duct that leads from the middle ear to the nasopharynx |
| external auditory canal | tube that transmits sound from the pinna to the eardrum |
| distichiasis | double row of eyelashes |
| glaucoma | groups of disorders resulting from elevated intraocular pressue |
| uveitis | inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, choroid |
| opaque | blocking the passage of light |
| sclera (white of the eye ) | outer layer of the eye |
| synapse | junction between two neurons/ between a neuron and a receptor |
| stupor | impaired consciousness w/ unresponsive stimuli |
| tonometry | procedure using an instrument to measure intraocular pressure indirectly |
| paraplegia | paralysis of the lower body bipeds/or of hindlimbs in quadrupeds |
| nystagmus | involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eye |
| neuroglial | supportive cells of the nervous system |
| myoclonus | repetitive, rhythmic contraction of limb/facial muscles |
| myelin | protective covering over some nerve cells |
| meninges | connective tissue brain and spinal cord are encased in |
| melatonin | controls cardiac rhythm and reproductive timing |
| lacrimation | condition of normal tear secretion |
| dacryocyst | (lacrimal sac) collects tears at the upper portion of the tear duct |
| cerebellum | 2nd largest part of the brain, and it coordinates muscle activity for smooth movement |
| ataxia | w/o coordination, "stumbling" |
| analgesia | w/o pain |
Created by:
Marilyn:)
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