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Nat. Review chpt. 13
Respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nasal cavities | Two spaces seperated by the nasal septum, found between the eyes above the oral cavity |
| Nasal septum | A bony partition of the nasal cavities |
| Nostrils | Two openings in the nasal cavities |
| Nasal choana | Nasal conchae |
| Nasal conchae | Curved projections along the lateral sides of the nasal cavities, filter out dust particles and warm and humidify the incoming air |
| Sinuses | Small cavities in the bones of the skull, lined with mucous membranes, communicate with the nasal cavities |
| Pharynx | Passageway lined with mucous membranes, connects the nasal cavities to the larynx |
| Nasopharynx | Uppermost portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the nasal cavities, contains the pharyngeal tonsils |
| Oropharynx | Middle portion of the pharynx, lies directly behind the oral cavity, contains the palatine and lingual tonsils |
| Laryngopharynx | Bottom portion of the pharynx, lies directly above the larynx |
| Larynx | Cartilaginous structure, contains the vocal cords and a small protrusion of cartilage commonly called the adam's apple |
| Adam's apple | Also called the voice box |
| Glottis | Opening between the two vocal cords |
| Epiglottis | Cartilaginous structure above the glottis, folds down over the glottis during swallowiing to prevent food and water from entering the trachea |
| Trachea | Rigid tube made up of a series of horseshoe-shaped cartilaginous rings, connects the pharynx to the bronchi of the lungs |
| Windpipe | Trachea |
| Lungs | Organs in which gas exchange takes place |
| Mediastinum | Anatomical space between the lungs where the trachea, heart, major blood vessels, and esophagus are found |
| Bronchi | Cartilaginous tubes that extend from the trachea into the lungs |
| Bronchioles | Small bronchi |
| The exchange of gases in the lungs takes place by | Diffusion |
| Terminal bronchioles | Last segments of the bronchioles, connect to the alveoli |
| Alveoli | Tiny sacs that number about 350 million per lung, where gas exchange takes place |
| Surfactant | Lipid secreted into the alveoli, reduces surface tension of water within the lung, thus decreasing energy required to fill the alveoli with air |
| Pleural membranes | Serous membranes associated with the lungs, produce a lubricant to reduce friction between the lungs and the walls of the pleural cavity |
| Parietal pleura | Serous membrane surrounding the internal walls of the thoracic cavity |
| Visceral pleura | Serous membrane lining the outer surface of the lungs |
| Cardiac notch | Angular notch in the left lung to accomidate the heart |
| Inhalation | Active phase of breathing in which energy is used to draw air into the lungs |
| Exhalation | Passive phase of breathing in which air is pushed out of the lungs |
| Tidal volume | Volume of air moved in or out of the lungs in one breath during quiet, relaxed breathing |
| Residual volume | Volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalation |
| Vital capacity | Volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhalation |
| Total lung capacity | Total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs |
| Eupnea | Normal breathing |
| Apnea | Breathing stops for a period of time |
| Dyspnea | Trouble breathing |
Created by:
skpoem
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