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MED~Digestive System
Digestive System Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. Ingestion | to take into the body by the mouth for digestion or absorption |
| 2. Digestion | the bodily process of breaking down food chemically and mechanically |
| 3. Absorption | passage of a substance into or across a blood vessel or membrane |
| 4. Defecation/Elimination | the elimination of the contents of the bowels (feces) |
| 5. Mechanical Digestion/Mastication | the act of chewing |
| 6. Esophagus | the muscular membranous tube for the passage of food from the pharynx to the stomach; the gullet |
| 7. Incisor | a tooth adapted for cutting or gnawing, located at the front of the mouth along the apex of the dental arch |
| 8. Bicuspid | a tooth having two points |
| 9. Molar | a tooth with a broad crown used to grind food, located behind the premolars |
| 10. Canines | one of the pointed conical teeth located between the incisors and the first bicuspids |
| 11. Gingiva | the gums |
| 12. Dentin | the calcified tissue forming the major part of a tooth; deep to the enamel |
| 13. Pulp | the soft innermost part of a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels |
| 14. Crown | the part of a tooth that is covered by enamel and projects beyond the gum line |
| 15. Neck | the part of a tooth between the crown and the root |
| 16. Root | the embedded portion of a tooth |
| 17. Saliva | the secretion of salivary glands ducted into the mouth |
| 18. Bolus | a rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing |
| 19. Pharynx | the muscular tube extending from the posterior of the nasal cavities to the esophagus |
| 20. Peristalsis | the waves of contraction seen in tube-like organs; propels substances along the tract |
| 21. Chyme | the semifluid stomach contents consisting of partially digested food and gastric secretions |
| 22. Pyloric sphincter | a ring of smooth muscle fibers around the opening of the stomach into the duodenum |
| 23. Pepsin | an enzyme capable of digesting proteins in an acid pH |
| 24. Gastrin | a hormone that stimulates gastric secretion, especially hydrochloric acid release |
| 25. Hepatocytes | a parenchymal cell of the liver |
| 26. Bile | a greenish-yellow or brownish fluid produced in and secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine |
| 27. Lipase | any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of fats into glycerol and fatty acids |
| 28. Amylase | any of a group of enzymes that are present in saliva, pancreatic juice, and parts of plants and catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to sugar to produce carbohydrate derivatives |
| 29. Duodenum | the first part of the small intestine |
| 30. Jejunum | the part of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum |
| 31. Colon | the part of the large intestine between the caecum and the rectum |
| 32. Ileum | the terminal part of the small intestine; between the jejunum and the cecum of the large intestine |
| 33. Villi | finger like projections of the small intestinal mucosa that tremendously increase its surface area for absorption |
| 34. Gastric | of, relating to, or associated with the stomach |
| 35. Insulin | the hypoglycemic hormone produced in the pancreas affecting carbohydrate and fat metabolism, blood glucose levels and other systemic processes |
| 36. Trypsin | a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to form smaller polypeptide units |
Created by:
MeghanD
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